Keyword: linac
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MOA1I2 FRIB from Commissioning to Operation target, operation, emittance, experiment 9
 
  • P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator. 		 
slides icon Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2  
About • Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023  
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TUC1I1 Multi-beam Operation of LANSCE Accelerator Facility proton, emittance, operation, alignment 58
 
  • Y.K. Batygin
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  The unique feature of the LANSCE accelerator facility is the simultaneous delivering of beams to five experimental targets. Proton beam with energy of 100-MeV is delivered to Isotope Production Facility (IPF), while 800-MeV H⁻ beams are distributed to four experimental areas: the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, the Weapons Neutron Research facility (WNR), the Proton Radiography facility (pRad), and the Ultra-Cold Neutron facility (UCN). Multi-beam operation of accelerator facility requires careful optimization of beam losses, which is achieved by precise tuning of the beam, imposing restriction on amplitudes and phases of RF sections, application of beam-based alignment, control of H⁻ beam stripping, optimization of ion sources performance and low-energy beam transport operation under space-charge neutralization. The near - term plans are to replace obsolete systems of the LANSCE linear accelerator with modern Front End, which is the part of Los Alamos Modernization Project (LAMP). This paper summarizes experimental results obtained during operation of LANSCE accelerator facility and considers plans to expand performance of the accelerator for near-and long-term operations.  
slides icon Slides TUC1I1 [10.013 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC1I1  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 31 October 2023
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TUC1C2 The Impact of High-Dimensional Phase Space Correlations on the Beam Dynamics in a Linear Accelerator rfq, MEBT, simulation, LEBT 68
 
  • A.M. Hoover, A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, K.J. Ruisard, A.P. Shishlo, A.P. Zhukov
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
  
  Hadron beams develop intensity-dependent transverse-longitudinal correlations within radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating structures. These correlations are only visible in six-dimensional phase space and are destroyed by reconstructions from low-dimensional projections. In this work, we estimate the effect of artificial decorrelation on the beam dynamics in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) linac and Beam Test Facility (BTF). We show that the evolution of a realistic initial distribution and its decorrelated twin converge during the early acceleration stages; thus, low-dimensional projections are probably sufficient for detailed predictions in high-power linacs.  
slides icon Slides TUC1C2 [6.573 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC1C2  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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TUC2I2 SNS Linac Beam Dynamics: What We Understand, and What We Don’t cavity, MEBT, DTL, operation 91
 
  • A.P. Shishlo
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  
  Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
At this moment, the Spallation Neutron Source linac accelerates H⁻ ions to 1.05 GeV before they injected into the ring. The beam power on the target is 1.7 MW. The linac includes three main parts - a front-end with ion source, RFQ, and Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) section; a normal temperature linac with Drift Tube Linac (DTL) and Coupled Cavities Linac (CCL); and superconducting linac (SCL). The linac has been in operation since it was commissioned in 2005. This talk discusses the results of beam dynamics studies, existing diagnostic devices, simulation codes and models used in analysis, development and results of linac tuning procedures, and beam loss reduction efforts performed at the SNS linac for 18 years. Considerations about future beam physics experiments and simulations software improvements are presented. 		 
slides icon Slides TUC2I2 [1.814 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC2I2  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 25 October 2023
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TUC2C1 Beam Physics Simulation Studies of 70 Mev ISIS Injector Linac simulation, operation, MEBT, DTL 97
 
  • S.A. Ahmadiannamin, H.V. Cavanagh, S.R. Lawrie, A.P. Letchford
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  The ISIS neutron spallation source is a pioneering research infrastructure in the field of high intensity accelerator physics, catering to scientific users. Comprising a 70 MeV injector linac and an 800 MeV Rapid cycling synchrotron with two beam targets, this facility has witnessed significant upgrades in recent years, leading to enhanced transmission efficiency. Further optimization efforts are underway to ensure continuous improvement. This article focuses on beam physics simulation studies conducted on the current ISIS linac, aiming to gain a deeper understanding and analysis of various phenomena observed during routine operations and accelerator physics experimentation. By examining these phenomena, valuable insights can be obtained to inform the future development of high efficiency injector of ISIS-II.  
slides icon Slides TUC2C1 [6.467 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC2C1  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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TUA3I1 SPIRAL2 Commissioning and Operations cavity, MMI, operation, experiment 106
 
  • A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • D.U. Uriot
    CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
  
  The SPIRAL2 linac is now successfully commissioned; H⁺, 4He2+, D⁺ and 18O6+ have been accelerated up to nominal parameters and 18O7+ and 40Ar14+ beams have been also accelerated up to 7 MeV/A. The main steps with 5 mA H⁺, D⁺ beams and with 0.6 mA 18O6+ are described. The general results of the commissioning of the RF, cryogenic and diagnostics systems, as well as the preliminary results of the first experiments on NFS are presented. In addition of an improvement of the matching to the linac, the tuning procedures of the 3 Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) rebunchers and 26 linac SC cavities were progressively improved to reach the nominal parameters in operation, starting from the classical ¿signature matching method¿. The different cavity tuning methods developed to take into account our particular situation (very low energy and large phase extension) are described. The tools developed for an efficient linac tuning in operation, e.g. beam energy and intensity changes are also discussed.  
slides icon Slides TUA3I1 [9.358 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I1  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
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TUA3I3 ESS Normal Conducting Linac Commissioning Results MMI, DTL, MEBT, LEBT 118
 
  • Y. Levinsen, M.E. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source is designed to be the world’s brightest neutron source once in operation, driven by a 5 MW proton linac. The linac consists of a normal conducting front end followed by a superconducting linac. The normal conducting part has been commissioned in several stages, with the latest stage involving all but one DTL tank now in 2023. During this commissioning period, we successfully transported a 50 us pulse of the nominal 62.5 mA beam current. We will present an overview of the commissioning results, with a focus on what we achieved in this latest stage.  
slides icon Slides TUA3I3 [31.400 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I3  
About • Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
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TUA3I4 SARAF MEBT Commissioning experiment, MEBT, rfq, proton 123
 
  • N. Pichoff, A. Chancé, J. Dumas, F. Gougnaud, F. Senée, D.U. Uriot
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • A. Kreisel, J. Luner, A. Perry, E. Reinfeld, R. Weiss-Babai, L. Weissman
    Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
  
  SNRC in Israel is in the process of constructing a neutron production accelerator facility called SARAF. The facility will utilize a linac to accelerate a 5 mA CW deuteron and proton beam up to 40 MeV. In the first phase of the project, SNRC completed construction and operation of a linac (referred to as SARAF Phase I) which included an ECR ion source, a Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, and a 4-rod RFQ. The second phase of the project involves collaboration between SNRC and Irfu in France to manufacture the linac. The injector control system has been updated and the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line has been installed and integrated into the infrastructure. Recent testing and commissioning of the injector and MEBT with 5 mA CW protons and 5 mA pulsed Deuterons, completed in 2022 and 2023, will be presented and discussed. A special attention will be paid to the experimental data processing with the Bayesian inference of the parameters of a digital twin.  
slides icon Slides TUA3I4 [2.559 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I4  
About • Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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WEA3I1 Synchronous Phases and Transit Time Factor cavity, accelerating-gradient, focusing, acceleration 241
 
  • J.-M. Lagniel
    GANIL, Caen, France
  
  Synchronous phases (¿s) and transit time factors (T) are THE key parameters for linac designs and operations. While the couple (¿s, T) is still our way of thinking the longitudinal beam dynamics, it is important to have in mind that the original ¿Panofsky¿ definition of these parameters is no longer valid in the case of high accelerating gradients leading to high particle velocity changes and in the case of multi-gap cavities. In this case, a new (¿s, T) definition allowing to keep both acceleration and longitudinal focusing properties is proposed. Examples are given in the SPIRAL2 linac case.  
slides icon Slides WEA3I1 [2.369 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA3I1  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 12 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
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WEA3C1 The Tracking Code RF-Track and Its Application electron, simulation, positron, space-charge 245
 
  • A. Latina
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  RF-Track is a CERN-developed particle tracking code that can simulate the generation, acceleration, and tracking of beams of any species through an entire accelerator, both in realistic field maps and conventional elements. RF-Track includes a large set of single-particle and collective effects: space-charge, beam-beam, beam loading in standing and travelling wave structures, short- and long-range wakefield effects, synchrotron radiation emission, multiple Coulomb scattering in materials, and particle lifetime. These effects make it the ideal tool for the simulation of high-intensity machines. RF-Track has been used for the simulation of electron linacs for medical applications, inverse-Compton-scattering sources, positron sources, protons in Linac4, and the cooling channel of a future muon collider. An overview of the code is presented, along with some significant results.  
slides icon Slides WEA3C1 [2.696 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA3C1  
About • Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023
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WEA3C2 Benchmarking of PATH and RF-Track in the Simulation of Linac4 space-charge, DTL, simulation, emittance 249
 
  • G. Bellodi, J.-B. Lallement, A. Latina, A.M. Lombardi
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  A benchmarking campaign has been initiated to compare PATH and RF-Track in modelling high-intensity, low-energy hadron beams. The development of extra functionalities in RF-Track was required to handle an unbunched beam from the source and to ease the user interface. The Linac4 RFQ and downstream accelerating structures were adopted as test case scenarios. This paper will give an overview of the results obtained so far and plans for future code development.  
slides icon Slides WEA3C2 [4.809 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA3C2  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
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WEC3C1 Beyond 1-MW Scenario in J-Parc Rapid-Cycling Synchrotron cavity, acceleration, operation, injection 270
 
  • K. Yamamoto, T. Morishita, K. Moriya, H. Okita, P.K. Saha, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, I. Yamada, M. Yamamoto
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
  
  The 3-GeV rapid cycling synchrotron at the Ja-pan Pro-ton Accelerator Research Complex was designed to provid 1-MW proton beams to the Material and Life Sci-ence Experimental Facility and Main Ring. Thanks to the improvement works of the accelerator system, we success-fully accelerate 1-MW beam with quite small beam loss. Currently, the beam power of RCS is limited by the lack of anode current in the RF cavity system rather than the beam loss. Recently we developed a new acceleration cavity that can accelerate a beam with less anode current. This new cavity enables us not only to reduce require-ment of the anode power supply but also to accelerate more than 1-MW beam. We have started to consider the way to achieve beyond 1-MW beam acceleration. So far, it is expected that up to 1.5-MW beam can be accelerated after replacement of the RF cavity. We have also contin-ued study to achieve more than 2 MW beam in J-PARC RCS.  
slides icon Slides WEC3C1 [2.787 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC3C1  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 26 October 2023
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WEC3C2 High Energy Cooling electron, proton, undulator, emittance 274
 
  • V.A. Lebedev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  The paper considers methods of particle cooling applicable to beam cooling in high energy hadron colliders at the collision energy. Presently, there are two major methods of the cooling the electron cooling and stochastic cooling. The later, in application to colliders, requires exceptionally large frequency band of cooling system. Presently two methods are considered. They are the optical stochastic cooling (OSC) and the coherent electron cooling (CEC). OSC and CEC are essentially extensions of microwave stochastic cooling, operating in 1-10 GHz frequency range, to the optical frequencies enabling bands up to 30-300 THz. The OSC uses undulators as a pickup and a kicker, and an optical amplifier for signal amplification, while the CEC uses an electron beam for all these functions. We discuss major limitations, advantages and disadvantages of electron and stochastic cooling systems.  
slides icon Slides WEC3C2 [1.054 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC3C2  
About • Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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WEA4I2 Linac4 Source and Low Energy Experience and Challenges rfq, emittance, solenoid, simulation 290
 
  • E. Sargsyan, G. Bellodi, F.D.L. Di Lorenzo, J. Etxebarria, J.-B. Lallement, A.M. Lombardi, M. O’Neil
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  At the end of Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), in 2020 Linac4 became the new injector of CERN’s proton accelerator complex. The previous version of the Linac4 H⁻ ion source (IS03), produced an operational pulsed peak beam current of 35 mA, resulting in 27 mA after the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). This limited transmission was mainly due to the extracted beam emittance exceeding the acceptance of the RFQ. A new geometry of the Linac4 source extraction electrodes has been developed with the aim of decreasing the extracted beam emittance and increasing the transmission through the RFQ. The new source (IS04) has been studied and thoroughly tested at the Linac4 source test stand. At the start of the 2023 run, the IS04 was installed as operational source in the Linac4 tunnel and is being successfully used for operation with 27 mA peak current after the RFQ. During high-intensity tests, the source, the linac, and the transfer-line to the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) were also tested with a peak beam current of up to 50 mA from the source resulting in 35 mA at the PSB injection. This paper discusses the recent developments, tests, and future plans for the Linac4 H⁻ ion source.  
slides icon Slides WEA4I2 [2.217 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA4I2  
About • Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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WEA4C1 Beam Loss Studies in the CSNS Linac DTL, emittance, operation, lattice 297
 
  • J. Peng, X.Y. Feng, Y. Han, H.C. Liu, X.B. Luo
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  • S. Fu, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, X. Liu, S. Wang, Y. Yuan
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • S.Y. Xu
    DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
  
  The China Spallation Neutron Source¿CSNS¿accelerator comprises an 80MeV linac and a 1.6GeV rapid cycling synchrotron. It started operation in 2018, and the beam power delivered to the target has increased from 20kW to 140kW, step by step. Various beam loss studies have been performed through the accelerator to improve the beam power and availability. For the CSNS linac, the primary source of the beam loss is the halo generated by beam mismatches. In the upgrade plan of the CSNS, the beam current will increase five times, which requires more strict beam loss control. Much work is done during the design phase to keep the loss down to 1W/m of loss limit. This paper will report results obtained from beam experiments and optimization methods applied to the CSNS linac upgrade design.  
slides icon Slides WEA4C1 [3.736 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA4C1  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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WEC4C2 Multiharmonic Buncher for the Isolde Superconducting Recoil Separator Project ISOL, bunching, cavity, simulation 321
 
  • J.L. Muñoz, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, L.C. Medina, S. Varnasseri
    ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • I. Martel
    University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
  
  Funding: This work has been supported by the European Union ¿NextGenerationEU program
The ISOLDE Superconducting Recoil Separator (ISRS) is a proposal of building a very compact separator ring as an instrument in the HIE-ISOLDE facility. The injection of the HIE-ISOLDE beam into this ring requires a more compact bunch structure, so a Multi-Harmonic Buncher device is proposed for this task. The MHB will operate at a frequency of 10.128 MHz, which is a 10% of the linac frequency, and would be installed before the RFQ. The MHB is desgined as a two electrodes system, and the MHB signal, composed for the first four harmonics of the fundamental frequency, is fed into the electrodes that are connected to the central conductor of a coaxial waveguides. The full design of the MHB is presented, including electromagnetic optimization of the electrode shape, optimization of the weights of each of the harmonic contribution, mechanical and thermal design of the structure. The RF generation and electronics to power up the device are also presented. A solution that generates directly the composed signal andis then amplified by a solid state power amplifier is also presented in this contribution. 		 
slides icon Slides WEC4C2 [4.165 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC4C2  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 27 October 2023
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THC1I2 FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans operation, target, controls, MMI 351
 
  • J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
    FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
  • A. Facco
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  • P. Hurh
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • R.E. Laxdal
    TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
  • Y. Momozaki
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
  • S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration. 		 
slides icon Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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THA2C2 Comparison of Longitudinal Emittance of Various RFQs rfq, emittance, simulation, focusing 368
 
  • M. Comunian, L. Bellan, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  In various projects a large variety of RFQs has been developed, for different application, with different average current, frequency, and energy range. On this article a comparison, in a scaled way, will be done, using the build RFQs of IFMIF, ESS, SPES, ANTHEM, PIAVE. On particular the beam dynamics characteristics will be analyzed, like transmission, output longitudinal emittance and real performance versus simulation.  
slides icon Slides THA2C2 [6.261 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA2C2  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 16 October 2023
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THA2C4 Alternating Phase Focusing Under Influence of Space Charge Defocusing focusing, heavy-ion, software, cavity 377
 
  • S. Lauber, W.A. Barth, R. Kalleicher, M. Miski-Oglu
    HIM, Mainz, Germany
  • W.A. Barth, M. Miski-Oglu, S. Yaramyshev
    GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
  • W.A. Barth
    KPH, Mainz, Germany
  
  Alternating phase focusing (APF) recently emerged as a promising beam dynamics concept for accelerating bunched proton or ion beams in drift tube linear accelerators, eliminating the need for additional transverse and longitudinal focusing lenses. The performance of APF systems, similar to radio frequency quadrupoles, heavily relies on the employed focusing lattice, including the particle synchronous phase in each gap, as well as various hyperparameters such as the number of gaps, the focusing gradient, and the required beam acceptance. However, to fully utilize the cost advantages and mechanical simplicity of APF drift tube linacs, specialized software tools are necessary to streamline the accelerator development process. After successful developement of the HELIAC-APF-IH-DTL for low current and continuous wave duty cycle, this paper presents the design concepts for APF cavities tailored for high-current applications, aiming to facilitate the design and implementation of APF-based accelerators.  
slides icon Slides THA2C4 [4.986 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA2C4  
About • Received ※ 06 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
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THAFP06 Beam Dynamics Study of a 400 kW D⁺ Linear Accelerator to Generate Fusion-Like Neutrons for Breeding Blanket Tests in Korea target, simulation, SRF, MEBT 411
 
  • Y.L. Cheon, M.Y. Ahn, S. Cho, H.W. Kim
    KFE, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  • M. Chung, E. Cosgun, D. Kwak, S.H. Moon
    UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  
  Recently, a pre-conceptual design study was conducted in Korea for developing a dedicated linear accelerator (linac) for 400 kW (40 MeV, maximum 10 mA CW) deuteron (D⁺) beams to generate fusion-like neutrons*. The accelerated beam hits a solid Beryllium target to produce fusion-like neutrons, which will be utilized for technical feasibility tests of the breeding blanket including tritium production and recovery**. In this work, we present a detailed start-to-end simulation and machine imperfection studies with proper beam tuning, to access the target beam availability and validate the machine specifications. We have designed the 2.45 GHz ECR ion source and a 4-vane type 176 MHz RFQ by using IBSimu, Parmteq, and Toutatis simulation codes. We propose a super-conducting linac with HWR cavities and solenoid focusing magnets to accelerate the beam up to 40 MeV. In the HEBT line, we adopt two octupole magnets and subsequent quadrupoles to make a rectangular-shaped and uniform-density beam with 20 cm x 20 cm footprint at the target. Extensive beam dynamics studies along the linac have been performed using the Tracewin simulation code.
* Y-L. Cheon et al., Journal of the Korean Physical Society (2023): 1-14.
** S-H. Hong et al., Fusion Engineering and Design 189 (2023): 113449.
 		 
slides icon Slides THAFP06 [1.039 MB]  
poster icon Poster THAFP06 [1.491 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP06  
About • Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THAFP07 Preliminary Results on Transverse Phase Space Tomography at KOMAC proton, emittance, quadrupole, diagnostics 415
 
  • S. Lee, J.J. Dang, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun
    KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science and ICT, the Korean government (KAERI ID no. : 524320-23)
Beam loss is a critical issue to be avoid in high power proton accelerators due to machine protection from radiation. Nonlinear processes add higher order moments and cause halo and tail structures to a beam, resulting in beam losses. Hence it becomes more important to characterize beams for high power accelerators. Conventional beam diagnostic methods can measure only approximate elliptical features of a beam and are not suitable for high power beams. Tomography method reconstructs a multidimensional distribution from its lower-dimensional projections. We used this method to reconstruct the 4D transverse (x, x’, y, y’) phase space distribution of the beam from the accelerator at KOMAC (Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex). RFQ BTS (Radio Frequency Quadrupole Beam Test System) was constructed and commissioned in 2022. In the BTS, we performed tomography experiements and obtained preliminary results on 4D transverse phase space beam distribution. We also have applied the tomography measurement techniques to the 100 MeV proton linac. In this paper, we describe the tomography measurement system and present the preliminary results obtained from the BTS and the 100 MeV proton linac. 		 
slides icon Slides THAFP07 [2.018 MB]  
poster icon Poster THAFP07 [1.035 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP07  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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THAFP08 Performance of the Ion Chain at the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies During the 2023 Slip Stacking Commissioning injection, emittance, MMI, extraction 418
 
  • M. Slupecki, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, M. Bozzolan, R. Bruce, C. Carli, J. Cenede, H. Damerau, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, G. Hagmann, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, G. Khatri, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, K.S.B. Li, E. Mahner, G. Papotti, G. Piccinini, A. Rey, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, A. Spierer, G. Tranquille, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • E. Waagaard
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  
  The 2023 run has been decisive for the LHC Ion Injector Complex. It demonstrated the capability of producing full trains of momentum slip stacked lead ions in the SPS. Slip stacking is a technique of interleaving particle trains, reducing the bunch spacing in SPS from 100 ns to 50 ns. It is needed to reach the total ion intensity requested by the HL-LHC project, as defined by updated common LIU/HL-LHC target beam parameters. This paper reviews the lead beam characteristics across the Ion Injector Complex, including transmission efficiencies up to the SPS extraction. It also documents the difficulties found during the commissioning and the solutions put in place.  
slides icon Slides THAFP08 [1.114 MB]  
poster icon Poster THAFP08 [1.995 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP08  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THBP01 ESS-Bilbao RFQ Power Coupler: Design, Simulations and Tests rfq, vacuum, cavity, multipactoring 433
 
  • I. Bustinduy, A. Conde, D. Fernández-Cañoto, N. Garmendia, P.J. González, G. Harper, A. Kaftoosian, J. Martin, J.L. Muñoz
    ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • A.P. Letchford
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  ESS-Bilbao RFQ power coupler is presented. The RFQ operates at 352.2 MHz and will accelerate the 32 mA proton beam extracted from the ion source up to 3.0MeV. The RFQ will complete the ESS-Bilbao injector, that can be used by the ARGITU neutron source or as a stand-alone facility. The machining of the RFQ is finished, and vacuum tests as well as low power RF measurements have been carried out. The presented power coupler is a first iteration of the device, designed to be of easier and faster manufacturing than what might be needed for future upgrades of the linac. The coupler does not have active cooling and no brazing has been needed to assemble it. It can operate at the RF power required by the RFQ but at lower duty cycles. The dielectric window is made of polymeric material, so it can withhold the assembly using vacuum seals and bolts. Design and manufacturing issues are reported in the paper, as well as the RF tests that have been carried out at medium power. Multipacting calculations compared to measured values during conditioning are also reported. High power tests of the coupler have also been performed in the ISIS-FETS RFQ and are also described here.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP01  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP22 On Liouvillian High Power Beam Accumulation injection, emittance, closed-orbit, accumulation 511
 
  • J.-M. Lagniel
    GANIL, Caen, France
  • M.E. Eshraqi, N. Milas
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  Funding: This work is co-funded by the European Union
It is acknowledged that the injection of high power proton beams into synchrotrons must be done using stripping injection of H⁻ beams which are accelerated by an injector, as done in many facilities worldwide such as ISIS, JPARC, SNS and CERN. However, this technique is not necessarily the only way of accumulation and in some cases might not represent the best choice. For example in the case of the ESSnuSB Accumulator Ring, accelerating the protons injecting them to the ring could represent savings in capital cost, reduced risk of losses in the linac and transfer lines and simplification to the overall project. This work presents the development of a method allowing to optimize the 4D Liouvillian accumulation of high-power proton and heavy ion beams and finishes with a discussion on the pros and cons of proton injection compared to more traditional H⁻ stripping injection method. 		 
poster icon Poster THBP22 [2.126 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP22  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
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THBP28 A Phase Trombone for the Fermilab PIP-II Beam Transfer Line booster, lattice, injection, collimation 527
 
  • M. Xiao, D.E. Johnson, J.-F. Ostiguy
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  The PIP-II beam transfer line (BTL) transports the beam from the PIP-II Linac to the Booster synchrotron ring. A crucial aspect of the BTL design is the collimation system which play a vital role in removing large ampli-tude particles that may otherwise miss the horizontal and vertical edges of the foil at the point of injection into the Booster. To ensure the effectiveness of the collimators, simulations were conducted to determine optimal place-ment within the BTL. These simulations revealed that precise control of the accumulated phase advances be-tween the collimators and the foil is critical. To achieve fine-tuning of the phase advance, a phase trombone was incorporated within the BTL. This paper presents the design and implementation details of this phase trom-bone  
poster icon Poster THBP28 [0.798 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP28  
About • Received ※ 20 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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THBP38 Two-Dimensional Longitudinal Painting at Injection into the CERN PS Booster injection, target, synchrotron, emittance 563
 
  • S.C.P. Albright, F. Asvesta, B. Bielawski, C. Bracco, P.K. Skowroński, R. Wegner
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  To inject highest beam intensities at the transfer from Linac4 into the four rings of the PS Booster (PSB) at CERN, protons must be accumulated during up to 148 turns in total. With the conventional, fixed chopping pattern this process results in an approximately rectangular distribution in the longitudinal phase space. As the bucket shape in the PSB does not correspond to this distribution, the process leads to longitudinal mismatch, contributing to emittance growth and reduced transmission. The field in the last accelerating cavity of Linac4 can be modulated, which leads to fine corrections of the extracted beam energy. At the same time, the chopping pattern can be varied. Combining both allows injecting a near uniform longitudinal distribution whose boundary corresponds to an iso-Hamiltonian contour of the RF bucket, hence significantly reducing mismatch. In an operational context, the longitudinal painting must be controlled in a way that allows easy intensity variation, and can even require different painting configurations for each of the four PSB rings. This contribution presents the first demonstration of longitudinal painting in the PSB, and its impact on beam performance.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP38  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
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FRA1C1 New Techniques Method for Improving the Performance of the ALPI Linac cavity, controls, dipole, quadrupole 638
 
  • L. Bellan, C.O. Carletto, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, F. Grespan, M. Montis, Y.K.F. Ong, A. Pisent
    INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
  
  The superconductive quarter wave cavities hadron Linac ALPI is the final acceleration stage at the Legnaro National Laboratories. It can accelerate heavy ions from carbon to uranium up to 10 MeV/u for nuclear and applied physics experiments. It is also planned to use it for re-acceleration of the radioactive ion beams for the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project. In this article we will present the innovative results obtained with swarm intelligence algorithms, in simulations and measurements. In particular, the increment of the longitudinal acceptance for RIB (Radioactive Ion Beams) acceleration, and beam orbit correction without the beam first order measurements will be discussed.  
slides icon Slides FRA1C1 [1.540 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1C1  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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FRC1I1 The Beam Destinations for the Commissioning of the ESS High Power Normal Conducting Linac DTL, proton, MMI, LEBT 643
 
  • E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, E. Laface, C. Neto, A. Olsson, L. Page, T.J. Shea
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • V.V. Bertrand
    PANTECHNIK, Bayeux, France
  • I. Bustinduy
    ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • M. Ruelas
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  
  At the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), the commissioning of the high-power normal conducting linac started in 2018. This paper deals with the beam destinations for the commissioning phases with initially the proton source and LEBT, then the MEBT and lately four DTL sections. The beam destinations were designed to withstand the ESS commissioning beam modes (with proton current up to 62.5mA, pulse length up to 50E-6s and repetition rates up to 14Hz). The EPICS-based control system allows measurements of the proton current and pulse length in real-time; it controls the motion and the power suppliers, and it also monitors the water cooling systems. Special focus will be on the results of thermo-mechanical simulations in MCNP/ANSYS to ensure safe absorption and dissipation of the volumetric power-deposition. The devices’ materials were chosen not only to cope with the high-power proton-beam, but also to be vacuum-compatible, to minimize the activation of the beam destinations themselves and the residual dose nearby. The results of neutronics simulations will be summarized with special focus on the shielding strategy, the operational limits and relocation procedures.  
slides icon Slides FRC1I1 [6.348 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I1  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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FRA2I2 Summary of the Working Group B space-charge, rfq, operation, simulation 666
 
  • N.J. Evans
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • F. Bouly
    LPSC, Grenoble Cedex, France
  • H.W. Zhao
    IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
  
  Summary of the Working Group on Beam Dynamics in Linacs.  
slides icon Slides FRA2I2 [1.306 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I2  
About • Received ※ 23 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 24 January 2024  
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FRA2I4 Summary of the Commissioning and Operations and Performance Working Group for HB2023 Workshop operation, MMI, proton, diagnostics 675
 
  • N. Milas
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • M. Bai
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Summary for WGD.  
slides icon Slides FRA2I4 [11.582 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I4  
About • Received ※ 06 November 2023 — Revised ※ 09 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 November 2023 — Issued ※ 17 November 2023
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