Keyword: proton
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MOA3I1 Beam Dynamics Challenges in the Design of the Electron-Ion Collider electron, polarization, hadron, emittance 23
 
  • Y. Luo, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Marx, E. Wang, F.J. Willeke
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • A. Blednykh, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, S. Verdú-Andrés
    Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
  • S. Nagaitsev
    JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
  
  Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide polarized high-energy electron beams with hadron beams, achieving luminosities up to 1 × 1034 cm¿2 s¿1 in the center-of-mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. To achieve such high luminosity, we adopt high bunch intensities for both beams, small and flat transverse beam sizes at the interaction point (IP), a large crossing angle of 25 mrad, and a novel strong hadron cooling in the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) to counteract intra-beam scattering (IBS) at the collision energy. In this talk, we will review the beam dynamics challenges in the design of the EIC, particularly the single-particle dynamic aperture, polarization maintenance, beam-beam interaction, impedance budget and instabilities. We will also briefly mention some technical challenges associated with beam dynamics, such as strong hadron cooling, multipoles and noises of crab cavities, power supply current ripples, and the vacuum upgrade to existing beam pipes of the Hadron Storage Ring of the EIC. 		 
slides icon Slides MOA3I1 [3.437 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I1  
About • Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
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MOA3I3 High-Power Targetry and the IMPACT Initiative at Paul Scherrer Institute target, radiation, operation, lattice 30
 
  • D.C. Kiselev
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The main challenges to operate a high-power target are dissipation of the heat and radiation damage. The latter refers to the damage of the material. Since the breakdown of the material depends on the operation temperature and other conditions, like the material treatment before irradiation, it is difficult to predict. To reduce failures, target operation parameters and beam properties have to be monitored carefully. After the failure of the neutron spallation target (SINQ) in 2016, several improvements in the HIPA (High intensity Proton Accelerator) beam line at PSI and the target installation were implemented. However, MW beams are not a prerequisite for the need of high power targets. This is the case at one of the two new target stations within the IMPACT initiative at PSI. One target station will produce radionuclides for research in cancer therapy, while the other will improve the surface muon rate by a factor of 100 for experiments in particle and material physics. In this presentation, strategies for successful operation of high-power targets are shown. Furthermore, the IMPACT initiative at PSI, with focus on the two planned target stations, will be presented.  
slides icon Slides MOA3I3 [4.909 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I3  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 20 October 2023
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TUA1I2 New Understanding of Longitudinal Beam Instabilities and Comparison with Measurements impedance, synchrotron, coupling, damping 45
 
  • I. Karpov
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Beam instabilities driven by broad- and narrowband impedance sources have been treated separately so far. In this contribution, we present the generalised beam stability analysis based on the concept of van Kampen modes. In the presence of broadband impedance, the loss of Landau damping (LLD) in the longitudinal plane can occur above a certain single-bunch intensity. For significantly higher intensities, the broad-band impedance can drive violent radial or azimuthal mode-coupling instabilities. We have shown that the synchrotron frequency spread due to RF field non-linearity, counter-intuitively, reduces the single-bunch instability threshold. We have also demonstrated that a multi-bunch instability driven by a narrow-band impedance source can be significantly affected by LLD when adding broad-band impedance. These findings are supported by macroparticle simulations and beam observations in the Super Proton Synchrotron and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.  
slides icon Slides TUA1I2 [1.517 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA1I2  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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TUC1I1 Multi-beam Operation of LANSCE Accelerator Facility linac, emittance, operation, alignment 58
 
  • Y.K. Batygin
    LANL, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
  
  The unique feature of the LANSCE accelerator facility is the simultaneous delivering of beams to five experimental targets. Proton beam with energy of 100-MeV is delivered to Isotope Production Facility (IPF), while 800-MeV H⁻ beams are distributed to four experimental areas: the Lujan Neutron Scattering Center, the Weapons Neutron Research facility (WNR), the Proton Radiography facility (pRad), and the Ultra-Cold Neutron facility (UCN). Multi-beam operation of accelerator facility requires careful optimization of beam losses, which is achieved by precise tuning of the beam, imposing restriction on amplitudes and phases of RF sections, application of beam-based alignment, control of H⁻ beam stripping, optimization of ion sources performance and low-energy beam transport operation under space-charge neutralization. The near - term plans are to replace obsolete systems of the LANSCE linear accelerator with modern Front End, which is the part of Los Alamos Modernization Project (LAMP). This paper summarizes experimental results obtained during operation of LANSCE accelerator facility and considers plans to expand performance of the accelerator for near-and long-term operations.  
slides icon Slides TUC1I1 [10.013 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC1I1  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 31 October 2023
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TUA2C2 Recent Advances in the CERN PS Impedance Model and Instability Simulations impedance, kicker, simulation, synchrotron 86
 
  • S. Joly
    La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
  • G. Iadarola, N. Mounet, B. Salvant, C. Zannini
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • M. Migliorati
    INFN-Roma1, Rome, Italy
  
  Transverse instability growth rates in the CERN Proton Synchrotron are studied thanks to the recently updated impedance model of the machine. Using this model, macroparticle tracking simulations were performed with a new method well-suited for the slicing of short wakes, which achieves comparable performance to the originally implemented method while reducing the required number of slices by a factor of 5 to 10. Dedicated beam-based measurement campaigns were carried out to benchmark the impedance model. Until now, the model underestimated instability growth rates at injection energy. Thanks to a recent addition to the impedance model, namely the kicker magnets¿ connecting cables and their external circuits, the simulated instability growth rates are now comparable to the measured ones.  
slides icon Slides TUA2C2 [0.736 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA2C2  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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TUA3I4 SARAF MEBT Commissioning experiment, MEBT, linac, rfq 123
 
  • N. Pichoff, A. Chancé, J. Dumas, F. Gougnaud, F. Senée, D.U. Uriot
    CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
  • A. Kreisel, J. Luner, A. Perry, E. Reinfeld, R. Weiss-Babai, L. Weissman
    Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
  
  SNRC in Israel is in the process of constructing a neutron production accelerator facility called SARAF. The facility will utilize a linac to accelerate a 5 mA CW deuteron and proton beam up to 40 MeV. In the first phase of the project, SNRC completed construction and operation of a linac (referred to as SARAF Phase I) which included an ECR ion source, a Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, and a 4-rod RFQ. The second phase of the project involves collaboration between SNRC and Irfu in France to manufacture the linac. The injector control system has been updated and the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line has been installed and integrated into the infrastructure. Recent testing and commissioning of the injector and MEBT with 5 mA CW protons and 5 mA pulsed Deuterons, completed in 2022 and 2023, will be presented and discussed. A special attention will be paid to the experimental data processing with the Bayesian inference of the parameters of a digital twin.  
slides icon Slides TUA3I4 [2.559 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I4  
About • Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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TUC3I3 Laser Stripping of H⁻ Beam laser, experiment, injection, resonance 141
 
  • T.V. Gorlov, A.V. Aleksandrov, S.M. Cousineau, Y. Liu, A.R. Oguz
    ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • N.J. Evans
    ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
  • P.K. Saha
    JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
  
  Basic principles of laser assisted charge exchange injection for H⁻ ion andH0 beams are presented. Theoretical aspects of electromagnetic interaction of laser with hydrogen atom and H⁻ ions are discussed. Laser excitation, photoionizatio and interaction of atoms and ions with a strong electro-magnetic field are discussed and compared. Different techniques of LACE for stripping of high current stochastic beams are presented. The optimum parameters of LACE are estimated and compared for various ion beam energies. Experimental development of laser stripping at the SNS are reviewed. Future plans of LACE at the SNS and J-PARC are discussed.  
slides icon Slides TUC3I3 [1.790 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC3I3  
About • Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 01 November 2023
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WEC1I1 Radiation Hardened Beam Instrumentations for Multi-Mega-Watt Beam Facilities target, radiation, instrumentation, operation 199
 
  • K. Yonehara
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  A beam instrumentation is an essential element to successfully operate an accelerator machine in which various diagnostic and beam control system are integrated. However, the beam instrumentation performance is often constrained by a prompt radiation dose, integrated radiation dose, operation (ambient) temperature and humidity, available space, and strength of embedded electromagnetic fields at the monitor. These constraints will limit the dynamic range of operational beam parameters, like the maximum achievable beam power. A seamless R&D effort to develop the radiation hardened beam instrumentations has been made for future multi-MW beam facilities. In this presentation, I will show a major beam facility and beam instrumentation which runs or plans a MW beam operation in the near future.  
slides icon Slides WEC1I1 [2.739 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1I1  
About • Received ※ 20 October 2023 — Revised ※ 23 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 January 2024
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WEC1C1 Improvement Design of a Beam Current Monitor Based on a Passive Cavity Under Heavy Heat Load and Radiation pick-up, target, cavity, radiation 205
 
  • P.-A. Duperrex, J.E. Bachmann, M. Rohrer, J.L. Sun
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  The High Intensity Proton Accelerator at PSI delivers a continuous proton beam of up to 2.4 mA with a maximum energy of 590 MeV to two meson production targets, M and E, and then to the spallation target. Eight meters downstream from the target E located a beam current monitor MHC5, which endure intensive scattered particles from Target E and cause large temperature variation, further induce operation and calibration problems. To address these issues, a graphite monitor was designed to replace the older aluminum one. Based on years of operation experiences of this graphite cavity, improvement design has been also considered, including beam positon pickups refinement, on-line calibration methods implementation, as well as manipulation maintenance issues. Detailed aspects of the performance of the monitor and its improvement design will be presented in this paper.  
slides icon Slides WEC1C1 [4.024 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C1  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 16 October 2023
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WEC3C2 High Energy Cooling electron, undulator, emittance, linac 274
 
  • V.A. Lebedev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  The paper considers methods of particle cooling applicable to beam cooling in high energy hadron colliders at the collision energy. Presently, there are two major methods of the cooling the electron cooling and stochastic cooling. The later, in application to colliders, requires exceptionally large frequency band of cooling system. Presently two methods are considered. They are the optical stochastic cooling (OSC) and the coherent electron cooling (CEC). OSC and CEC are essentially extensions of microwave stochastic cooling, operating in 1-10 GHz frequency range, to the optical frequencies enabling bands up to 30-300 THz. The OSC uses undulators as a pickup and a kicker, and an optical amplifier for signal amplification, while the CEC uses an electron beam for all these functions. We discuss major limitations, advantages and disadvantages of electron and stochastic cooling systems.  
slides icon Slides WEC3C2 [1.054 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC3C2  
About • Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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WEA4C2 Beam Loss Simulations for the Proposed TATTOOS Beamline at HIPA target, simulation, cyclotron, septum 300
 
  • M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, M. Seidel, J. Snuverink, H. Zhang
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  • M. Seidel
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  
  IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology) is a proposed upgrade project for the high-intensity proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a new radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) will allow to produce promising radionuclides for diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. The proposed TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the 590 MeV proton beamline is intended to operate at a beam intensity of 100 uA (60 kW), requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam via an electrostatic splitter. Beam loss simulations to verify safe operation have been performed and optimised using BDSIM, a Geant4 based tool enabling the simulation of beam transportation through magnets and particle passage through accelerator. In this study, beam profiles, beam transmission and power deposits are generated and studied. Finally, a quantitative description of the beam halo is introduced.  
slides icon Slides WEA4C2 [4.534 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA4C2  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
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WEC4C1 Magnetic Alloy Loaded Cavities in J-PARC and CERN cavity, booster, synchrotron, operation 316
 
  • C. Ohmori
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • M.M. Paoluzzi
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Funding: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19KK0078 and 18K11930.
Magnetic Alloy loaded cavities have been used in seven synchrotrons in J-PARC and CERN. In this paper, we will review variety of the cavity technologies to satisfy the requirements for the beam acceleration, deceleration, manipulation and instability damping. This paper also contains improvements of cavity cores by magnetic annealing scheme, quality control of cores during production, the cooling methods of magnetic alloy cores: direct water cooling and indirect one using copper discs, control of cavity bandwidths from broad to narrow bands, and the ways to drive RF cavities by tube and rad-hard solid-state amplifiers. 		 
slides icon Slides WEC4C1 [3.371 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC4C1  
About • Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
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THA1I1 Performance and Upgrade Considerations for the CSNS Injection injection, MMI, neutron, simulation 326
 
  • M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Funding: This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12075134) and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021B1515120021).
For the proton synchrotron, the beam injection is one of the most important issues. Firstly, based on the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the injection methods have been comprehensively studied, including phase space painting and H⁻ stripping. In order to solve the key difficulties faced when the beam power exceeds 50% of the design value, flexibility in the CSNS design has been exploited to implement the correlated painting by using the rising current curve of the pulse power supply. The effectiveness of the new method has been verified in the simulation and beam commissioning. By using the new method, the beam power on the target has successfully risen to the design value. Secondly, for the CSNS upgrade, the injection energy is increased from 80 MeV to 300 MeV and the injection beam power is increased by about 19 times. Based on the CSNS experience and simulation results, it is hoped that the new injection scheme can not only be compatible with correlated and anti-correlated painting, but also greatly reduces the peak temperature of the stripping foil. After in-depth study, a new painting scheme has been proposed which has been verified to be feasible in the simulation. 		 
slides icon Slides THA1I1 [2.951 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1I1  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
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THA1I3 Predominantly Electric Storage Ring with Nuclear Spin Control Capability storage-ring, scattering, experiment, lattice 338
 
  • R.M. Talman
    Cornell University (CLASSE), Cornell Laboratory for Accelerator-Based Sciences and Education, Ithaca, New York, USA
  
  A predominantly electric storage ring with weak superimposed magnetic bending is shown to be capable of storing two different nuclear isotope bunches, such as helion and deuteron, co-traveling with different velocities on the same central orbit. ‘‘Rear-end’’ collisions occurring periodically in a full acceptance particle detector/polarimeter, allow the (previously inaccessible) direct measurement of the spin dependence of nuclear transmutation for center of mass (CM) kinetic energies ranging from hundreds of keV up toward pion production thresholds. These are ‘‘rear-end collisions’’ occurring as faster stored bunches pass through slower bunches. An inexpensive facility capable of meeting these requirements is described, with nuclear channel h + d arrow α + p as example.  
slides icon Slides THA1I3 [0.860 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1I3  
About • Received ※ 07 December 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 December 2023 — Issued ※ 25 December 2023  
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THC1C1 Transverse Emittance Reconstruction Along the Cycle of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator emittance, electron, operation, antiproton 358
 
  • G. Russo, B. Dupuy, D. Gamba, L. Ponce
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  The precise knowledge of the transverse beam emittances on the different energy plateaus of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ring is important for assessing the machine performance and beam quality. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing transverse beam profiles from scraper measurements employing the Abel transform. The proposed methodology provides a precise, reproducible and user independent way of computing the beam emittance, as well as a useful tool to qualitatively track machine performance in routine operation. As discussed in this paper, its application has already been proven crucial for the operational setting-up of the stochastic cooling and for determining the proper functioning of the electron cooling in AD. It also opens up the possibility for detailed benchmarking studies of the cooling performance in different machine and beam conditions.  
slides icon Slides THC1C1 [2.426 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1C1  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
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THC2C1 Shower Simulations for the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump and Comparison with Beam Loss Monitor Data simulation, flattop, closed-orbit, operation 389
 
  • S. Niang, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, T. Pugnat
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • D. Domange
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  
  During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), two new internal dumps (TDIs) were installed and successfully put into operation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to withstand the intense and bright beams produced for the High Luminosity LHC. TDIs serve as safety devices designed to rapidly enter the beam trajectory and stop the beam over multiple turns. Due to their design, the TDI only absorbs a fraction of the secondary particle shower produced by beam particles that impinge on it. Starting from impacts computed by multi-turn beam dynamics simulations, detailed shower simulations were performed with FLUKA to assess the radiation field’s impact on the downstream equipment, with a particular emphasis on the dose measured by Beam Loss Monitors. The numerical data obtained from the simulations are compared with the experimental data collected during PS operation.  
slides icon Slides THC2C1 [2.092 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2C1  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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THAFP07 Preliminary Results on Transverse Phase Space Tomography at KOMAC linac, emittance, quadrupole, diagnostics 415
 
  • S. Lee, J.J. Dang, D.-H. Kim, H.S. Kim, H.-J. Kwon, S.P. Yun
    KOMAC, KAERI, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
  
  Funding: This work has been supported through KOMAC operation fund of KAERI by Ministry of Science and ICT, the Korean government (KAERI ID no. : 524320-23)
Beam loss is a critical issue to be avoid in high power proton accelerators due to machine protection from radiation. Nonlinear processes add higher order moments and cause halo and tail structures to a beam, resulting in beam losses. Hence it becomes more important to characterize beams for high power accelerators. Conventional beam diagnostic methods can measure only approximate elliptical features of a beam and are not suitable for high power beams. Tomography method reconstructs a multidimensional distribution from its lower-dimensional projections. We used this method to reconstruct the 4D transverse (x, x’, y, y’) phase space distribution of the beam from the accelerator at KOMAC (Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex). RFQ BTS (Radio Frequency Quadrupole Beam Test System) was constructed and commissioned in 2022. In the BTS, we performed tomography experiements and obtained preliminary results on 4D transverse phase space beam distribution. We also have applied the tomography measurement techniques to the 100 MeV proton linac. In this paper, we describe the tomography measurement system and present the preliminary results obtained from the BTS and the 100 MeV proton linac. 		 
slides icon Slides THAFP07 [2.018 MB]  
poster icon Poster THAFP07 [1.035 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP07  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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THBP02 FFA Magnet for Pulsed High Power Proton Driver lattice, software, operation, closed-orbit 436
 
  • J.-B. Lagrange, C.W. Jolly, D.J. Kelliher, A.P. Letchford, S. Machida, I. Rodríguez, C.T. Rogers, J.D. Speed
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • S.J. Brooks
    BNL, Upton, New York, USA
  • T.-J. Kuo
    Imperial College of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
  
  Fixed Field Alternating gradient (FFA) accelerator is considered as a proton driver for the next generation spallation neutron source (ISIS-II). To demonstrate its suitability for high intensity operation, an FFA proton prototype ring is planned at RAL, called FETS-FFA. The main magnets are a critical part of the machine, and several characteristics of these magnets require attention, such as doublet spiral structure, essential operational flexibility in terms of machine optics and control of the fringe field extent from the nonlinear optics point of view. This paper will discuss the design of the prototype magnet for FETS-FFA ring.  
poster icon Poster THBP02 [5.871 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP02  
About • Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 23 October 2023
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THBP04 Machine Protection System for the Proposed TATTOOS Beamline at HIPA target, operation, cyclotron, diagnostics 443
 
  • J. Snuverink, P. Bucher, R. Eichler, M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, E. Zimoch
    PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
  
  IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology) is a proposed upgrade project for the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a new radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) is planned. The TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the 590 MeV proton beamline is designed to operate at a beam intensity of 100 ¿A (60 kW), requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam by an electrostatic splitter. The philosophy of the machine protection system (MPS) for the TATTOOS beamline will not differ significantly from the one already implemented for HIPA. However, it is particularly important for TATTOOS to avoid damage to the target due to irregular beam conditions. We will show the diagnostic systems involved and how the requirements of the machine protection system can be met. Emergency scenarios and protective measures are also discussed.  
poster icon Poster THBP04 [3.228 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP04  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP13 Recent Developments with the New Tools for Collimation Simulations in Xsuite collimation, simulation, coupling, scattering 474
 
  • F.F. Van der Veken, A. Abramov, G. Broggi, F. Cerutti, M. D’Andrea, D. Demetriadou, L.S. Esposito, G. Hugo, G. Iadarola, B. Lindström, S. Redaelli, V. Rodin, N. Triantafyllou
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Simulations of single-particle tracking involving collimation systems need dedicated tools to perform the different tasks needed. These include the accurate description of particle-matter interactions when a tracked particle impacts a collimator jaw; a detailed aperture model to identify the longitudinal location of losses; and others. One such tool is the K2 code in SixTrack, which describes the scattering of high-energy protons in matter. This code has recently been ported into the Xsuite tracking code that is being developed at CERN. Another approach is to couple the tracking with existing tools, such as FLUKA or Geant4, that offer better descriptions of particle-matter interactions and can treat lepton and ion beams. This includes the generation of secondary particles and fragmentation when tracking ions. In addition to the development of coupling with Geant4, the SixTrack-FLUKA coupling has recently been translated and integrated into the Xsuite environment as well. In this paper, we present the ongoing development of these tools. A thorough testing of the new implementation was performed, using as case studies various collimation layout configurations for the LHC Run 3.  
poster icon Poster THBP13 [2.785 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP13  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 23 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP24 RCS and Accumulator Rings Designs for ISIS II injection, space-charge, emittance, lattice 519
 
  • D.J. Adams
    STFC/RAL/ASTeC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  • H.V. Cavanagh, I.S.K. Gardner, B.S. Kyle, H. Rafique, C.M. Warsop, R.E. Williamson
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  ISIS is the spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK, which provides 0.2 MW of beam power via a 50 Hz, 800 MeV proton RCS. Detailed studies are now underway to find the optimal configuration for a next generation, short-pulsed neutron source that will define a major ISIS upgrade, with construction beginning ~2031. Determining the optimal specification for such a facility is the subject of an ongoing study involving neutron users, target and instrument experts. The accelerator designs being considered for the MW beam powers required, include proposals exploiting FFA rings as well as conventional accumulator and RCS rings. This paper summarises work on physics designs for the conventional rings. Details of lattice designs, injection and extraction systems, correction systems as well as detailed 3D PIC simulations used to ensure 0.1% losses and low foil hits are presented. Designs for a 0.4 to 1.2 GeV RCS and 1.2 GeV AR are outlined. Work on the next stages of the study are also summarised to benchmark and minimise predicted losses, and thus maximise the high intensity limit of designs.  
poster icon Poster THBP24 [3.231 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP24  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 22 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP36 Study of the Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump simulation, beam-losses, vacuum, synchrotron 555
 
  • T. Pugnat, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, S. Niang
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • D. Domange, E. Gnacadja, R. Tesse
    ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
  
  In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is meant to move rapidly into the beam and stop charged particles over several turns to provide protection to the PS hardware against beam-induced damage. The performance of the dump should ensure efficient use throughout the PS energy range, i.e. from injection at 2 GeV (kinetic energy) to flat top at 26 GeV (total energy). In this paper, detailed numerical simulations are presented, carried out with a combination of sophisticated beam dynamics and beam-matter interaction codes, assessing the behaviour of stopped or scattered particles. The results of these numerical simulations are compared with the data collected during the routine operation of the PS and its internal dump.  
poster icon Poster THBP36 [0.609 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP36  
About • Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP42 Longitudinal Loss of Landau Damping in Double Harmonic RF Systems below Transition Energy synchrotron, damping, impedance, space-charge 575
 
  • L. Intelisano, H. Damerau, I. Karpov
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  Landau damping plays a crucial role in ensuring single-bunch stability in hadron synchrotrons. In the longitudinal plane, loss of Landau damping (LLD) occurs when a coherent mode of oscillation moves out of the incoherent synchrotron frequency band. The LLD threshold is studied for a purely inductive impedance below transition energy, specifically considering the common case of double harmonic RF systems operating in counter-phase at the bunch position. The additional focusing force due to beam-induced voltage distorts the potential well, ultimately collapsing the bucket. The limiting conditions for a binomial particle distribution are calculated. Furthermore, the contribution focuses on the configuration of the higher-harmonic RF system at four times the fundamental RF frequency operating in phase. In this case, the LLD threshold shows a non-monotonic behavior with a zero threshold where the derivative of the synchrotron frequency distribution is positive. The findings are obtained employing semi-analytical calculations using the MELODY code.  
poster icon Poster THBP42 [1.710 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP42  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP44 ImpactX Modeling of Benchmark Tests for Space Charge Validation space-charge, focusing, emittance, cavity 583
 
  • C.E. Mitchell, M. Garten, A. Huebl, R. Lehé, J. Qiang, R.T. Sandberg, J.-L. Vay
    LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
  
  The code ImpactX represents the next generation of the particle-in-cell code IMPACT-Z, featuring s-based symplectic tracking with 3D space charge, parallelism with GPU acceleration, adaptive mesh-refinement, and modernized language features. With such a code comes a renewed need for space charge validation using well-defined benchmarks. For this purpose, the code is continuously checked against a test suite of exactly-solvable problems. The suite includes field calculation tests, dynamical tests involving coasting or stationary beams, and beams matched to periodic focusing channels. To study the long-time multi-turn performance of the code in a more complex setting, we investigate problems involving high-intensity storage rings, such as the GSI benchmark problem for space charge induced trapping. Comparisons against existing codes are made where possible.  
poster icon Poster THBP44 [1.020 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP44  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 26 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP46 Simulation of the ESS Proton Beam Window Scattering target, scattering, simulation, ion-source 591
 
  • E.D. Fackelman, E. Adli, H.E. Gjersdal, K.N. Sjobak
    University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
  • Y. Levinsen, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  
  The European Spallation Source produces neutrons used for science by delivering a 5MW proton beam to a tungsten target. The proton beam parameters must remain within a well-defined range during all phases of facility exploitation. The proton beam parameters are measured and monitored by an instrumentation suite, among which are two beam imaging systems. Parameters such as position and beam current density can be calculated from the images, supporting beam tuning and operation. However, one of the two systems may be affected by beam scattering. In this paper, we will focus on modelling the impact of the scattering on the beam on target distribution. The modelling process, involving simulation codes such as Geant4 and two-dimensional convolution in Matlab, is described. Initially, Geant4 simulates a scattered pencil beam. The resulting distribution is fitted and can be used similarly to an instrument response in image processing to model any possible beam distribution. Finally, we discuss the results of the scattered beam imaging model, showing the range of applications of the model and the impact of scattering on the beam parameters.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP46  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP48 Latest Advances in Targetry Systems at CERN and Exciting Avenues for Future Endeavours target, antiproton, neutron, experiment 599
 
  • R. Franqueira Ximenes, O. Aberle, M. Calviani, R. Esposito, J.L. Grenard, T. Griesemer, A.R. Romero Francia, C. Torregrosa
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  
  CERN’s accelerator complex offers diverse target systems for a range of scientific pursuits, including varying beam energies, intensities, pulse lengths, and objectives. Future high-intensity fixed target experiments aim to advance this field further. This contribution highlights upgraded operational target systems, enhancing CERN’s physics endeavours. One example is the third-generation nTOF spallation neutron target, using a nitrogen-cooled pure lead system impacted by a 20 GeV/c proton beam. Another focuses on recent antiproton production target upgrades, with a high-intensity 26 GeV/c beam colliding with a narrow-air-cooled iridium target. Looking ahead, new high-power target systems are planned. One aims to discover hidden particles using a 350-kW high-Z production target, while another enhances kaon physics through a 100 kW low-Z target. This article provides an overview of current target systems at CERN, detailing beam-intercepting devices and engineering aspects. It also previews upcoming facilities that could soon be implemented at CERN.  
poster icon Poster THBP48 [63.760 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP48  
About • Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP49 Collimation of 400 MJ Beams at the LHC: The First Step Towards the HL-LHC Era collimation, luminosity, operation, impedance 603
 
  • S. Redaelli, A. Abramov, D.B. Baillard, R. Bruce, R. Cai, F. Carra, M. D’Andrea, M. Di Castro, L. Giacomel, P.D. Hermes, B. Lindström, D. Mirarchi, N. Mounet, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo Marcone, F.F. Van der Veken
    CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
  • R. Cai
    EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • A. Vella
    University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
  
  Funding: Work supported by the HL-LHC project.
An important upgrade programme is planned for the collimation system of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in order to meet the challenges of the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. A first stage of the HL-LHC upgrade was already deployed during the last LHC Long Shutdown, offering important improvements of the collimation cleaning, a significant reduction of the impedance contribution and better cleaning of collisional debris, in particular for ion-ion collisions. This upgrade provides a critical opportunity to explore the LHC intensity limits during the LHC Run 3 and can provide crucial feedback to refine upgrade plans and operational scenarios in the HL-LHC era. This paper describes the performance of the upgraded LHC collimation system that has already enabled stored-beam energies larger than 400 MJ at the unprecedented beam energy of 6.8 TeV, and reviews further upgrade plans envisaged to reach 700 MJ beams at the HL-LHC. 		 
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP49  
About • Received ※ 03 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP50 Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler Operations in the Megawatt Era operation, booster, experiment, electron 607
 
  • A.P. Schreckenberger
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Significant upgrades to Fermilab¿s accelerator complex have accompanied the development of LBNF and DUNE. These improvements will facilitate 1-MW operation of the NuMI beam for the first time this year through changes to the Recycler slip-stacking procedure and shortening of the Main Injector ramp time. The modifications to the Recycler slip-stacking and effort to reduce the Main Injector ramp time will be discussed. Additionally, details regarding further shortening of the ramp time and the impact on future accelerator operations are presented.  
poster icon Poster THBP50 [0.923 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP50  
About • Received ※ 25 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP53 Commissioning and Operation of the Collimation System at the RCS of CSNS collimation, controls, emittance, MMI 615
 
  • S.Y. Xu, J. Chen, S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  • K. Zhou
    IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
  
  For high-intensity proton synchrotrons, minimizing particle losses during machine operation is essential to avoid radiation damage. Uncontrolled beam loss posed a significant challenge to achieving higher beam intensity and power for high-intensity proton synchrotrons. The beam collimation system can remove halo particles and to localize the beam loss. The use of collimation system is an important means of controlling uncontrolled beam loss in high-power proton accelerators. To reduce the uncontrolled beam loss, a transverse collimation system was designed for the RCS of CSNS. The design transverse collimator is a two-stage collimator. During the beam commissioning of CSNS, the designed two-stage collimator has been changed to one-stage collimator to overcome the problem of low collimation efficiency caused by insufficient phase shift between the primary and secondary collimators. By optimizing the collimation system, the beam loss is well localized in the collimator area, effectively reducing uncontrolled beam loss. The beam power of CSNS achieved the design value of 100 kW with small uncontrolled beam loss.  
poster icon Poster THBP53 [0.780 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP53  
About • Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP57 A Novel RF Power Source for the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source controls, ion-source, klystron, EPICS 621
 
  • S. Masa, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, L.C. Medina, R. Miracoli, S. Varnasseri
    ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  
  This paper presents the improvements in the ESS Bilbao Proton Ion Source by replacing the amplified radio frequency (RF) pulse of a Klystron-based amplification system using a Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA). This new amplification system is based on a 1kW SSPA (2.7 GHz), a Compact-RIO (cRIO) device, a voltage-controlled RF attenuator and auxiliary electronics. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) serves as distributed control system (DCS) for controlling and monitoring the data required to achieve a 1.5 ms flat and stable pulse at repetition rate of 14 Hz. The following lines describe the structural and control system changes done in the ion source due to the addition of the SSPA-based amplification system, along with the results of the proton beam extraction tests that demonstrate how this system can serve as a viable substitute for the Klystron-based amplification system.  
poster icon Poster THBP57 [2.265 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP57  
About • Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 26 October 2023  
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
THBP59 Tomographic Longitudinal Phase Space Reconstruction of Bunch Compression at ISIS synchrotron, simulation, operation, extraction 625
 
  • B.S. Kyle, H.V. Cavanagh, A. Seville, R.E. Williamson
    STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
  
  ISIS is an 800 MeV, high intensity, rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) used as a driver for a spallation neutron and muon spectroscopy (¿SR) facility. The intensity-limited beam and RCS operation at ISIS poses significant challenges, with non-adiabatic acceleration and space charge forces resulting in distortions to the Hamiltonian longitudinal dynamics. Effective modelling of the machine and benchmarking of models with beam measurements is essential both to improving machine performance, and to the development of the proposed ISIS II facility. The tomographic principle is a well-established tool for the reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space (LPS) of synchrotron beams. Is it operationally desirable for the ISIS accelerator to provide longitudinally compressed proton beams for ¿SR instrumentation. A new bunch compression scheme has been developed and validated using tomography. A reconstruction of the LPS of the ISIS high-intensity proton beam is presented, along with accompanying benchmarking measurements and beam physics simulations.  
poster icon Poster THBP59 [0.907 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP59  
About • Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 20 October 2023 — Issued ※ 25 October 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
FRA1I1 Status of the IOTA Proton Injector rfq, electron, MEBT, LEBT 629
 
  • D.R. Edstrom, D.R. Broemmelsiek, K. Carlson, J.-P. Carneiro, H. Piekarz, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, A. Valishev
    Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  
  Funding: This work has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility, is a beamline capable of delivering 20-mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in 2023, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further fundamental physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies in the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation. 		 
slides icon Slides FRA1I1 [6.466 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I1  
About • Received ※ 08 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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FRC1I1 The Beam Destinations for the Commissioning of the ESS High Power Normal Conducting Linac DTL, MMI, linac, LEBT 643
 
  • E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, E. Laface, C. Neto, A. Olsson, L. Page, T.J. Shea
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • V.V. Bertrand
    PANTECHNIK, Bayeux, France
  • I. Bustinduy
    ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
  • M. Ruelas
    RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
  
  At the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), the commissioning of the high-power normal conducting linac started in 2018. This paper deals with the beam destinations for the commissioning phases with initially the proton source and LEBT, then the MEBT and lately four DTL sections. The beam destinations were designed to withstand the ESS commissioning beam modes (with proton current up to 62.5mA, pulse length up to 50E-6s and repetition rates up to 14Hz). The EPICS-based control system allows measurements of the proton current and pulse length in real-time; it controls the motion and the power suppliers, and it also monitors the water cooling systems. Special focus will be on the results of thermo-mechanical simulations in MCNP/ANSYS to ensure safe absorption and dissipation of the volumetric power-deposition. The devices’ materials were chosen not only to cope with the high-power proton-beam, but also to be vacuum-compatible, to minimize the activation of the beam destinations themselves and the residual dose nearby. The results of neutronics simulations will be summarized with special focus on the shielding strategy, the operational limits and relocation procedures.  
slides icon Slides FRC1I1 [6.348 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I1  
About • Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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FRC1I3 Devices for High-Efficiency Slow Extraction at J-PARC Main Ring septum, extraction, betatron, cathode 656
 
  • R. Muto, T. Kimura, S. Murasugi, K. Numai, K. Okamura, Y. Shirakabe, M. Tomizawa, E. Yanaoka
    KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
  • A. Matsumura
    Nihon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd, Ibaraki, Nakagun, Tokaimura, Japan
  
  J-PARC Main Ring (MR) is a synchrotron that accelerates protons up to 30 GeV and supplies them to the Neutrino Experimental Facility and the Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF). Beam extraction from MR to HEF is performed by slow extraction using third-order resonance. In the slow extraction a device called an electrostatic septum (ESS) is used to scrape out the beam, and it is important to reduce the beam loss at the septum electrode of the ESS in order to supply a high-intensity beam. So far, we have achieved a slow extraction efficiency of 99.5% by developing an ESS with a thin septum electrode and tuning the bump orbit to reduce the width of the angular distribution of protons at the ESS. In addition, a collimator is installed downstream of the ESS to absorb particles scattered by the septum electrode, thereby reducing activation of the components downstream. In order to achieve further reduction of the beam loss, we are currently considering to install beam diffusers and/or bent silicon crystals at the upstream of the ESS. In this talk, we will present the current status of the slow extraction devices and future plans to further improve the extraction efficiency.  
slides icon Slides FRC1I3 [3.167 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I3  
About • Received ※ 18 October 2023 — Revised ※ 19 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 23 October 2023 — Issued ※ 01 November 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)  
 
FRA2I4 Summary of the Commissioning and Operations and Performance Working Group for HB2023 Workshop operation, MMI, linac, diagnostics 675
 
  • N. Milas
    ESS, Lund, Sweden
  • M. Bai
    SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
  • S. Wang
    IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
  
  Summary for WGD.  
slides icon Slides FRA2I4 [11.582 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I4  
About • Received ※ 06 November 2023 — Revised ※ 09 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 November 2023 — Issued ※ 17 November 2023
Cite • reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)