HB2023 - List of Keywords (target)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA1I1	Beam Performance with the LHC Injectors Upgrade	brightness, injection, operation, emittance	1
	G. Rumolo, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, C. Antuono, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, M.J. Barnes, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, N. Bruchon, E. Carlier, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, G. Iadarola, V. Kain, I. Karpov, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, E.H. Maclean, D. Manglunki, I. Mases Solé, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, E. Montesinos, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, C. Pasquino, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, F. Roncarolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, L. Sito, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, R. Steerenberg, M. Sullivan, F.M. Velotti, R. Veness, C. Vollinger, R. Wegner, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland T. Prebibaj IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project was put in place between 2010 and 2021 to increase the intensity and brightness in the LHC injectors to match the challenging requirements of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, while ensuring reliable operation of the injectors complex up to the end of the HL-LHC era (ca. 2040). During the 2019-2020 CERN accelerators shutdown, extensive hardware modifications were implemented in the entire LHC proton and ion injection chains, involving the new Linac4, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the ion PS injectors, i.e. the Linac3 and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR). Since 2021, beams have been recommissioned throughout the injectors’ chain and the beam parameters are being gradually ramped up to meet the LIU specifications using new beam dynamics solutions adapted to the upgraded accelerators. This paper focuses on the proton beams and describes the current state of the art.
	Slides MOA1I1 [10.002 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I1
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
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MOA1I2	FRIB from Commissioning to Operation	linac, operation, emittance, experiment	9
	P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator.
	Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2
About •	Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
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MOA3I3	High-Power Targetry and the IMPACT Initiative at Paul Scherrer Institute	radiation, operation, proton, lattice	30
	D.C. Kiselev PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The main challenges to operate a high-power target are dissipation of the heat and radiation damage. The latter refers to the damage of the material. Since the breakdown of the material depends on the operation temperature and other conditions, like the material treatment before irradiation, it is difficult to predict. To reduce failures, target operation parameters and beam properties have to be monitored carefully. After the failure of the neutron spallation target (SINQ) in 2016, several improvements in the HIPA (High intensity Proton Accelerator) beam line at PSI and the target installation were implemented. However, MW beams are not a prerequisite for the need of high power targets. This is the case at one of the two new target stations within the IMPACT initiative at PSI. One target station will produce radionuclides for research in cancer therapy, while the other will improve the surface muon rate by a factor of 100 for experiments in particle and material physics. In this presentation, strategies for successful operation of high-power targets are shown. Furthermore, the IMPACT initiative at PSI, with focus on the two planned target stations, will be presented.
	Slides MOA3I3 [4.909 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I3
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 20 October 2023
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TUC3I2	Shaping High Brightness and Fixed Target Beams with the CERN PSB Charge Exchange Injection	injection, operation, emittance, brightness	135
	C. Bracco, S.C.P. Albright, F. Asvesta, G.P. Di Giovanni, F. Roncarolo CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	CERN adopted the charge exchange injection technique for the first time in the PS Booster after Long Shutdown 2. This allowed to overcome space charge limitations, tailor high brightness beams for the LHC and deliver high intensity flux of protons to the fixed target experiments. Details on the concept, physics, hardware and diagnostic tools are presented while retracing the exciting steps of the successful commissioning period and the first years of operation with this system. A look to the future is taken by explaining the next stages to achieve the ambitious Luminosity targets foreseen for the HL-LHC era.
	Slides TUC3I2 [19.053 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC3I2
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
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WEC1I1	Radiation Hardened Beam Instrumentations for Multi-Mega-Watt Beam Facilities	proton, radiation, instrumentation, operation	199
	K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A beam instrumentation is an essential element to successfully operate an accelerator machine in which various diagnostic and beam control system are integrated. However, the beam instrumentation performance is often constrained by a prompt radiation dose, integrated radiation dose, operation (ambient) temperature and humidity, available space, and strength of embedded electromagnetic fields at the monitor. These constraints will limit the dynamic range of operational beam parameters, like the maximum achievable beam power. A seamless R&D effort to develop the radiation hardened beam instrumentations has been made for future multi-MW beam facilities. In this presentation, I will show a major beam facility and beam instrumentation which runs or plans a MW beam operation in the near future.
	Slides WEC1I1 [2.739 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1I1
About •	Received ※ 20 October 2023 — Revised ※ 23 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 January 2024
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WEC1C1	Improvement Design of a Beam Current Monitor Based on a Passive Cavity Under Heavy Heat Load and Radiation	pick-up, proton, cavity, radiation	205
	P.-A. Duperrex, J.E. Bachmann, M. Rohrer, J.L. Sun PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The High Intensity Proton Accelerator at PSI delivers a continuous proton beam of up to 2.4 mA with a maximum energy of 590 MeV to two meson production targets, M and E, and then to the spallation target. Eight meters downstream from the target E located a beam current monitor MHC5, which endure intensive scattered particles from Target E and cause large temperature variation, further induce operation and calibration problems. To address these issues, a graphite monitor was designed to replace the older aluminum one. Based on years of operation experiences of this graphite cavity, improvement design has been also considered, including beam positon pickups refinement, on-line calibration methods implementation, as well as manipulation maintenance issues. Detailed aspects of the performance of the monitor and its improvement design will be presented in this paper.
	Slides WEC1C1 [4.024 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 16 October 2023
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WEC1C2	Challenges of Target and Irradiation Diagnostics of the IFMIF-DONES Facility	radiation, neutron, diagnostics, monitoring	210
	C. Torregrosa, J. Maestre, A. Roldán, J. Valenzuela, I. Álvarez Castro UGR, Granada, Spain F. Arbeiter, Y.F. Qiu KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany S. Becerril-Jarque, A. Ibarra, I. Podadera Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain B. Brenneis Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany L. Buligins IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia J. Castellanos Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain N. Chauvin CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France S. Fiore CERN, GENEVA, Switzerland D. Jimenez-Rey, F. Mota, C. Oliver, D. Regidor, C. de la Morena CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain J. Martínez, P. Matia-Hernando, T. Siegel ASE Optics, El Prat De Llobregat, Spain F.S. Nitti ENEA Brasimone, Centro Ricerche Brasimone, Camugnano, BO, Italy T. Tadic RBI, Zagreb, Croatia U. Wiacek IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
	Funding: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme Grant Agreement No 101052200 EUROfusion IFMIF-DONES will be a first-class scientific infrastructure consisting of an accelerator-driven neutron source delivering 1e17 n/s with a broad peak at 14 MeV. Such neutron flux will be created by impinging a continuous wave 125 mA, 40 MeV, 5 MW deuteron beam onto a liquid Li jet target, circulating at 15 m/s. Material specimens subjected to neutron irradiation will be placed a few millimeters downstream. Some of the most challenging technological aspects of the facility are the Diagnostics to monitor the Li jet, beam parameters on target, and characterization of the neutron irradiation field, with transversal implications in the scientific exploitation, machine protection and safety. Multiple solutions are foreseen, considering among others, Li jet thickness measurement methods based on optical metrology and millimeter-wave radar techniques, Li electromagnetic flowmeters, beam footprint measurements based on residual gas excitation, online neutron detectors such as SPNDs and micro-fission chambers, as well as offline neutron fluence measurements by activation foils or spheres. This contribution provides an overview of these aspects and the associated R&D activities.
	Slides WEC1C2 [4.676 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C2
About •	Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023
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WEA4C2	Beam Loss Simulations for the Proposed TATTOOS Beamline at HIPA	proton, simulation, cyclotron, septum	300
	M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, M. Seidel, J. Snuverink, H. Zhang PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland M. Seidel EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology) is a proposed upgrade project for the high-intensity proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a new radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) will allow to produce promising radionuclides for diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. The proposed TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the 590 MeV proton beamline is intended to operate at a beam intensity of 100 uA (60 kW), requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam via an electrostatic splitter. Beam loss simulations to verify safe operation have been performed and optimised using BDSIM, a Geant4 based tool enabling the simulation of beam transportation through magnets and particle passage through accelerator. In this study, beam profiles, beam transmission and power deposits are generated and studied. Finally, a quantitative description of the beam halo is introduced.
	Slides WEA4C2 [4.534 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA4C2
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
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THC1I2	FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans	operation, controls, linac, MMI	351
	J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.E. Laxdal TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada Y. Momozaki ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration.
	Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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THAFP06	Beam Dynamics Study of a 400 kW D⁺ Linear Accelerator to Generate Fusion-Like Neutrons for Breeding Blanket Tests in Korea	linac, simulation, SRF, MEBT	411
	Y.L. Cheon, M.Y. Ahn, S. Cho, H.W. Kim KFE, Daejeon, Republic of Korea M. Chung, E. Cosgun, D. Kwak, S.H. Moon UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
	Recently, a pre-conceptual design study was conducted in Korea for developing a dedicated linear accelerator (linac) for 400 kW (40 MeV, maximum 10 mA CW) deuteron (D⁺) beams to generate fusion-like neutrons. The accelerated beam hits a solid Beryllium target to produce fusion-like neutrons, which will be utilized for technical feasibility tests of the breeding blanket including tritium production and recovery. In this work, we present a detailed start-to-end simulation and machine imperfection studies with proper beam tuning, to access the target beam availability and validate the machine specifications. We have designed the 2.45 GHz ECR ion source and a 4-vane type 176 MHz RFQ by using IBSimu, Parmteq, and Toutatis simulation codes. We propose a super-conducting linac with HWR cavities and solenoid focusing magnets to accelerate the beam up to 40 MeV. In the HEBT line, we adopt two octupole magnets and subsequent quadrupoles to make a rectangular-shaped and uniform-density beam with 20 cm x 20 cm footprint at the target. Extensive beam dynamics studies along the linac have been performed using the Tracewin simulation code. Y-L. Cheon et al., Journal of the Korean Physical Society (2023): 1-14. ** S-H. Hong et al., Fusion Engineering and Design 189 (2023): 113449.
	Slides THAFP06 [1.039 MB]
	Poster THAFP06 [1.491 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP06
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THBP04	Machine Protection System for the Proposed TATTOOS Beamline at HIPA	operation, proton, cyclotron, diagnostics	443
	J. Snuverink, P. Bucher, R. Eichler, M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, E. Zimoch PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology) is a proposed upgrade project for the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a new radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) is planned. The TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the 590 MeV proton beamline is designed to operate at a beam intensity of 100 ¿A (60 kW), requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam by an electrostatic splitter. The philosophy of the machine protection system (MPS) for the TATTOOS beamline will not differ significantly from the one already implemented for HIPA. However, it is particularly important for TATTOOS to avoid damage to the target due to irregular beam conditions. We will show the diagnostic systems involved and how the requirements of the machine protection system can be met. Emergency scenarios and protective measures are also discussed.
	Poster THBP04 [3.228 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP04
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THBP32	Xobjects and Xdeps: Low-Level Libraries Empowering Beam Dynamics Simulations	simulation, GPU, interface, lattice	543
	S. Łopaciuk, R. De Maria, G. Iadarola CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Xobjects and Xdeps are Python libraries included in the Xsuite beam dynamics simulation software package. These libraries are crucial to achieving two of the main goals of Xsuite: speed and ease of use. Xobjects allows users to run simulations on various hardware in a platform-agnostic way: with little user intervention single- and multi-threading is supported as well as GPU computations using both CUDA and OpenCL. Xdeps provides support for deferred expressions in Xsuite. Relations among simulation parameters and functions driving properties of lattice elements can be defined or indeed imported from other tools such as MAD-X and then easily updated before or during the simulation.
	Poster THBP32 [0.266 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP32
About •	Received ※ 21 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
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THBP38	Two-Dimensional Longitudinal Painting at Injection into the CERN PS Booster	injection, linac, synchrotron, emittance	563
	S.C.P. Albright, F. Asvesta, B. Bielawski, C. Bracco, P.K. Skowroński, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	To inject highest beam intensities at the transfer from Linac4 into the four rings of the PS Booster (PSB) at CERN, protons must be accumulated during up to 148 turns in total. With the conventional, fixed chopping pattern this process results in an approximately rectangular distribution in the longitudinal phase space. As the bucket shape in the PSB does not correspond to this distribution, the process leads to longitudinal mismatch, contributing to emittance growth and reduced transmission. The field in the last accelerating cavity of Linac4 can be modulated, which leads to fine corrections of the extracted beam energy. At the same time, the chopping pattern can be varied. Combining both allows injecting a near uniform longitudinal distribution whose boundary corresponds to an iso-Hamiltonian contour of the RF bucket, hence significantly reducing mismatch. In an operational context, the longitudinal painting must be controlled in a way that allows easy intensity variation, and can even require different painting configurations for each of the four PSB rings. This contribution presents the first demonstration of longitudinal painting in the PSB, and its impact on beam performance.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP38
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
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THBP46	Simulation of the ESS Proton Beam Window Scattering	scattering, simulation, proton, ion-source	591
	E.D. Fackelman, E. Adli, H.E. Gjersdal, K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Y. Levinsen, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source produces neutrons used for science by delivering a 5MW proton beam to a tungsten target. The proton beam parameters must remain within a well-defined range during all phases of facility exploitation. The proton beam parameters are measured and monitored by an instrumentation suite, among which are two beam imaging systems. Parameters such as position and beam current density can be calculated from the images, supporting beam tuning and operation. However, one of the two systems may be affected by beam scattering. In this paper, we will focus on modelling the impact of the scattering on the beam on target distribution. The modelling process, involving simulation codes such as Geant4 and two-dimensional convolution in Matlab, is described. Initially, Geant4 simulates a scattered pencil beam. The resulting distribution is fitted and can be used similarly to an instrument response in image processing to model any possible beam distribution. Finally, we discuss the results of the scattered beam imaging model, showing the range of applications of the model and the impact of scattering on the beam parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP46
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THBP48	Latest Advances in Targetry Systems at CERN and Exciting Avenues for Future Endeavours	proton, antiproton, neutron, experiment	599
	R. Franqueira Ximenes, O. Aberle, M. Calviani, R. Esposito, J.L. Grenard, T. Griesemer, A.R. Romero Francia, C. Torregrosa CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	CERN’s accelerator complex offers diverse target systems for a range of scientific pursuits, including varying beam energies, intensities, pulse lengths, and objectives. Future high-intensity fixed target experiments aim to advance this field further. This contribution highlights upgraded operational target systems, enhancing CERN’s physics endeavours. One example is the third-generation n_TOF spallation neutron target, using a nitrogen-cooled pure lead system impacted by a 20 GeV/c proton beam. Another focuses on recent antiproton production target upgrades, with a high-intensity 26 GeV/c beam colliding with a narrow-air-cooled iridium target. Looking ahead, new high-power target systems are planned. One aims to discover hidden particles using a 350-kW high-Z production target, while another enhances kaon physics through a 100 kW low-Z target. This article provides an overview of current target systems at CERN, detailing beam-intercepting devices and engineering aspects. It also previews upcoming facilities that could soon be implemented at CERN.
	Poster THBP48 [63.760 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP48
About •	Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
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FRA2I3	Summary of the Working Group C on Accelerator Systems	impedance, injection, cavity, laser	670
	S. Machida STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom H. Huang BNL, Upton, New York, USA P.K. Saha JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan
	This is a summary of the presentations and discussions of the Accelerator System working group at the 68th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams.
	Slides FRA2I3 [0.262 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I3
About •	Received ※ 22 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 15 December 2023
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FRA2I5	Summary of Working Group E: Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices	radiation, instrumentation, operation, simulation	677
	P. Forck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA K. Satou KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	The talk concerns the summary of the Working Group E related to Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices
	Slides FRA2I5 [6.640 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I5
About •	Received ※ 26 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 13 January 2024
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA1I1

Beam Performance with the LHC Injectors Upgrade

brightness, injection, operation, emittance

1

G. Rumolo, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, C. Antuono, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, M.J. Barnes, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, N. Bruchon, E. Carlier, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, G. Iadarola, V. Kain, I. Karpov, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, E.H. Maclean, D. Manglunki, I. Mases Solé, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, E. Montesinos, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, C. Pasquino, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, F. Roncarolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, L. Sito, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, R. Steerenberg, M. Sullivan, F.M. Velotti, R. Veness, C. Vollinger, R. Wegner, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
T. Prebibaj
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project was put in place between 2010 and 2021 to increase the intensity and brightness in the LHC injectors to match the challenging requirements of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, while ensuring reliable operation of the injectors complex up to the end of the HL-LHC era (ca. 2040). During the 2019-2020 CERN accelerators shutdown, extensive hardware modifications were implemented in the entire LHC proton and ion injection chains, involving the new Linac4, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the ion PS injectors, i.e. the Linac3 and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR). Since 2021, beams have been recommissioned throughout the injectors’ chain and the beam parameters are being gradually ramped up to meet the LIU specifications using new beam dynamics solutions adapted to the upgraded accelerators. This paper focuses on the proton beams and describes the current state of the art.

Slides MOA1I1 [10.002 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I1

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023

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MOA1I2

FRIB from Commissioning to Operation

linac, operation, emittance, experiment

9

P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator.

Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2

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Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023

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MOA3I3

High-Power Targetry and the IMPACT Initiative at Paul Scherrer Institute

radiation, operation, proton, lattice

30

D.C. Kiselev
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The main challenges to operate a high-power target are dissipation of the heat and radiation damage. The latter refers to the damage of the material. Since the breakdown of the material depends on the operation temperature and other conditions, like the material treatment before irradiation, it is difficult to predict. To reduce failures, target operation parameters and beam properties have to be monitored carefully. After the failure of the neutron spallation target (SINQ) in 2016, several improvements in the HIPA (High intensity Proton Accelerator) beam line at PSI and the target installation were implemented. However, MW beams are not a prerequisite for the need of high power targets. This is the case at one of the two new target stations within the IMPACT initiative at PSI. One target station will produce radionuclides for research in cancer therapy, while the other will improve the surface muon rate by a factor of 100 for experiments in particle and material physics. In this presentation, strategies for successful operation of high-power targets are shown. Furthermore, the IMPACT initiative at PSI, with focus on the two planned target stations, will be presented.

Slides MOA3I3 [4.909 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I3

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 20 October 2023

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TUC3I2

Shaping High Brightness and Fixed Target Beams with the CERN PSB Charge Exchange Injection

injection, operation, emittance, brightness

135

C. Bracco, S.C.P. Albright, F. Asvesta, G.P. Di Giovanni, F. Roncarolo
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

CERN adopted the charge exchange injection technique for the first time in the PS Booster after Long Shutdown 2. This allowed to overcome space charge limitations, tailor high brightness beams for the LHC and deliver high intensity flux of protons to the fixed target experiments. Details on the concept, physics, hardware and diagnostic tools are presented while retracing the exciting steps of the successful commissioning period and the first years of operation with this system. A look to the future is taken by explaining the next stages to achieve the ambitious Luminosity targets foreseen for the HL-LHC era.

Slides TUC3I2 [19.053 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUC3I2

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

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WEC1I1

Radiation Hardened Beam Instrumentations for Multi-Mega-Watt Beam Facilities

proton, radiation, instrumentation, operation

199

K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A beam instrumentation is an essential element to successfully operate an accelerator machine in which various diagnostic and beam control system are integrated. However, the beam instrumentation performance is often constrained by a prompt radiation dose, integrated radiation dose, operation (ambient) temperature and humidity, available space, and strength of embedded electromagnetic fields at the monitor. These constraints will limit the dynamic range of operational beam parameters, like the maximum achievable beam power. A seamless R&D effort to develop the radiation hardened beam instrumentations has been made for future multi-MW beam facilities. In this presentation, I will show a major beam facility and beam instrumentation which runs or plans a MW beam operation in the near future.

Slides WEC1I1 [2.739 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1I1

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Received ※ 20 October 2023 — Revised ※ 23 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 January 2024

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WEC1C1

Improvement Design of a Beam Current Monitor Based on a Passive Cavity Under Heavy Heat Load and Radiation

pick-up, proton, cavity, radiation

205

P.-A. Duperrex, J.E. Bachmann, M. Rohrer, J.L. Sun
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The High Intensity Proton Accelerator at PSI delivers a continuous proton beam of up to 2.4 mA with a maximum energy of 590 MeV to two meson production targets, M and E, and then to the spallation target. Eight meters downstream from the target E located a beam current monitor MHC5, which endure intensive scattered particles from Target E and cause large temperature variation, further induce operation and calibration problems. To address these issues, a graphite monitor was designed to replace the older aluminum one. Based on years of operation experiences of this graphite cavity, improvement design has been also considered, including beam positon pickups refinement, on-line calibration methods implementation, as well as manipulation maintenance issues. Detailed aspects of the performance of the monitor and its improvement design will be presented in this paper.

Slides WEC1C1 [4.024 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C1

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 16 October 2023

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WEC1C2

Challenges of Target and Irradiation Diagnostics of the IFMIF-DONES Facility

radiation, neutron, diagnostics, monitoring

210

C. Torregrosa, J. Maestre, A. Roldán, J. Valenzuela, I. Álvarez Castro
UGR, Granada, Spain
F. Arbeiter, Y.F. Qiu
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
S. Becerril-Jarque, A. Ibarra, I. Podadera
Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain
B. Brenneis
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
L. Buligins
IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia
J. Castellanos
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
N. Chauvin
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Fiore
CERN, GENEVA, Switzerland
D. Jimenez-Rey, F. Mota, C. Oliver, D. Regidor, C. de la Morena
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
J. Martínez, P. Matia-Hernando, T. Siegel
ASE Optics, El Prat De Llobregat, Spain
F.S. Nitti
ENEA Brasimone, Centro Ricerche Brasimone, Camugnano, BO, Italy
T. Tadic
RBI, Zagreb, Croatia
U. Wiacek
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland

Funding: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme Grant Agreement No 101052200 EUROfusion
IFMIF-DONES will be a first-class scientific infrastructure consisting of an accelerator-driven neutron source delivering 1e17 n/s with a broad peak at 14 MeV. Such neutron flux will be created by impinging a continuous wave 125 mA, 40 MeV, 5 MW deuteron beam onto a liquid Li jet target, circulating at 15 m/s. Material specimens subjected to neutron irradiation will be placed a few millimeters downstream. Some of the most challenging technological aspects of the facility are the Diagnostics to monitor the Li jet, beam parameters on target, and characterization of the neutron irradiation field, with transversal implications in the scientific exploitation, machine protection and safety. Multiple solutions are foreseen, considering among others, Li jet thickness measurement methods based on optical metrology and millimeter-wave radar techniques, Li electromagnetic flowmeters, beam footprint measurements based on residual gas excitation, online neutron detectors such as SPNDs and micro-fission chambers, as well as offline neutron fluence measurements by activation foils or spheres. This contribution provides an overview of these aspects and the associated R&D activities.

Slides WEC1C2 [4.676 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C2

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Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023

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WEA4C2

Beam Loss Simulations for the Proposed TATTOOS Beamline at HIPA

proton, simulation, cyclotron, septum

300

M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, M. Seidel, J. Snuverink, H. Zhang
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
M. Seidel
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology) is a proposed upgrade project for the high-intensity proton accelerator facility (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a new radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) will allow to produce promising radionuclides for diagnosis and therapy of cancer in doses sufficient for clinical studies. The proposed TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the 590 MeV proton beamline is intended to operate at a beam intensity of 100 uA (60 kW), requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam via an electrostatic splitter. Beam loss simulations to verify safe operation have been performed and optimised using BDSIM, a Geant4 based tool enabling the simulation of beam transportation through magnets and particle passage through accelerator. In this study, beam profiles, beam transmission and power deposits are generated and studied. Finally, a quantitative description of the beam halo is introduced.

Slides WEA4C2 [4.534 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA4C2

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023

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THC1I2

FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans

operation, controls, linac, MMI

351

J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Facco
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.E. Laxdal
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
Y. Momozaki
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration.

Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023

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THAFP06

Beam Dynamics Study of a 400 kW D⁺ Linear Accelerator to Generate Fusion-Like Neutrons for Breeding Blanket Tests in Korea

linac, simulation, SRF, MEBT

411

Y.L. Cheon, M.Y. Ahn, S. Cho, H.W. Kim
KFE, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
M. Chung, E. Cosgun, D. Kwak, S.H. Moon
UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

Recently, a pre-conceptual design study was conducted in Korea for developing a dedicated linear accelerator (linac) for 400 kW (40 MeV, maximum 10 mA CW) deuteron (D⁺) beams to generate fusion-like neutrons*. The accelerated beam hits a solid Beryllium target to produce fusion-like neutrons, which will be utilized for technical feasibility tests of the breeding blanket including tritium production and recovery**. In this work, we present a detailed start-to-end simulation and machine imperfection studies with proper beam tuning, to access the target beam availability and validate the machine specifications. We have designed the 2.45 GHz ECR ion source and a 4-vane type 176 MHz RFQ by using IBSimu, Parmteq, and Toutatis simulation codes. We propose a super-conducting linac with HWR cavities and solenoid focusing magnets to accelerate the beam up to 40 MeV. In the HEBT line, we adopt two octupole magnets and subsequent quadrupoles to make a rectangular-shaped and uniform-density beam with 20 cm x 20 cm footprint at the target. Extensive beam dynamics studies along the linac have been performed using the Tracewin simulation code.
* Y-L. Cheon et al., Journal of the Korean Physical Society (2023): 1-14.
** S-H. Hong et al., Fusion Engineering and Design 189 (2023): 113449.

Slides THAFP06 [1.039 MB]

Poster THAFP06 [1.491 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP06

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Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THBP04

Machine Protection System for the Proposed TATTOOS Beamline at HIPA

operation, proton, cyclotron, diagnostics

443

J. Snuverink, P. Bucher, R. Eichler, M. Hartmann, D.C. Kiselev, D. Reggiani, E. Zimoch
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

IMPACT (Isotope and Muon Production with Advanced Cyclotron and Target Technology) is a proposed upgrade project for the High Intensity Proton Accelerator (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). As part of IMPACT, a new radioisotope target station, TATTOOS (Targeted Alpha Tumour Therapy and Other Oncological Solutions) is planned. The TATTOOS beamline and target will be located near the UCN (Ultra Cold Neutron source) target area, branching off from the main UCN beamline. In particular, the 590 MeV proton beamline is designed to operate at a beam intensity of 100 ¿A (60 kW), requiring a continuous splitting of the main beam by an electrostatic splitter. The philosophy of the machine protection system (MPS) for the TATTOOS beamline will not differ significantly from the one already implemented for HIPA. However, it is particularly important for TATTOOS to avoid damage to the target due to irregular beam conditions. We will show the diagnostic systems involved and how the requirements of the machine protection system can be met. Emergency scenarios and protective measures are also discussed.

Poster THBP04 [3.228 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP04

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THBP32

Xobjects and Xdeps: Low-Level Libraries Empowering Beam Dynamics Simulations

simulation, GPU, interface, lattice

543

S. Łopaciuk, R. De Maria, G. Iadarola
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Xobjects and Xdeps are Python libraries included in the Xsuite beam dynamics simulation software package. These libraries are crucial to achieving two of the main goals of Xsuite: speed and ease of use. Xobjects allows users to run simulations on various hardware in a platform-agnostic way: with little user intervention single- and multi-threading is supported as well as GPU computations using both CUDA and OpenCL. Xdeps provides support for deferred expressions in Xsuite. Relations among simulation parameters and functions driving properties of lattice elements can be defined or indeed imported from other tools such as MAD-X and then easily updated before or during the simulation.

Poster THBP32 [0.266 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP32

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Received ※ 21 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023

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THBP38

Two-Dimensional Longitudinal Painting at Injection into the CERN PS Booster

injection, linac, synchrotron, emittance

563

S.C.P. Albright, F. Asvesta, B. Bielawski, C. Bracco, P.K. Skowroński, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

To inject highest beam intensities at the transfer from Linac4 into the four rings of the PS Booster (PSB) at CERN, protons must be accumulated during up to 148 turns in total. With the conventional, fixed chopping pattern this process results in an approximately rectangular distribution in the longitudinal phase space. As the bucket shape in the PSB does not correspond to this distribution, the process leads to longitudinal mismatch, contributing to emittance growth and reduced transmission. The field in the last accelerating cavity of Linac4 can be modulated, which leads to fine corrections of the extracted beam energy. At the same time, the chopping pattern can be varied. Combining both allows injecting a near uniform longitudinal distribution whose boundary corresponds to an iso-Hamiltonian contour of the RF bucket, hence significantly reducing mismatch. In an operational context, the longitudinal painting must be controlled in a way that allows easy intensity variation, and can even require different painting configurations for each of the four PSB rings. This contribution presents the first demonstration of longitudinal painting in the PSB, and its impact on beam performance.

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP38

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Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

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THBP46

Simulation of the ESS Proton Beam Window Scattering

scattering, simulation, proton, ion-source

591

E.D. Fackelman, E. Adli, H.E. Gjersdal, K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Y. Levinsen, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source produces neutrons used for science by delivering a 5MW proton beam to a tungsten target. The proton beam parameters must remain within a well-defined range during all phases of facility exploitation. The proton beam parameters are measured and monitored by an instrumentation suite, among which are two beam imaging systems. Parameters such as position and beam current density can be calculated from the images, supporting beam tuning and operation. However, one of the two systems may be affected by beam scattering. In this paper, we will focus on modelling the impact of the scattering on the beam on target distribution. The modelling process, involving simulation codes such as Geant4 and two-dimensional convolution in Matlab, is described. Initially, Geant4 simulates a scattered pencil beam. The resulting distribution is fitted and can be used similarly to an instrument response in image processing to model any possible beam distribution. Finally, we discuss the results of the scattered beam imaging model, showing the range of applications of the model and the impact of scattering on the beam parameters.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP46

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THBP48

Latest Advances in Targetry Systems at CERN and Exciting Avenues for Future Endeavours

proton, antiproton, neutron, experiment

599

R. Franqueira Ximenes, O. Aberle, M. Calviani, R. Esposito, J.L. Grenard, T. Griesemer, A.R. Romero Francia, C. Torregrosa
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

CERN’s accelerator complex offers diverse target systems for a range of scientific pursuits, including varying beam energies, intensities, pulse lengths, and objectives. Future high-intensity fixed target experiments aim to advance this field further. This contribution highlights upgraded operational target systems, enhancing CERN’s physics endeavours. One example is the third-generation n_TOF spallation neutron target, using a nitrogen-cooled pure lead system impacted by a 20 GeV/c proton beam. Another focuses on recent antiproton production target upgrades, with a high-intensity 26 GeV/c beam colliding with a narrow-air-cooled iridium target. Looking ahead, new high-power target systems are planned. One aims to discover hidden particles using a 350-kW high-Z production target, while another enhances kaon physics through a 100 kW low-Z target. This article provides an overview of current target systems at CERN, detailing beam-intercepting devices and engineering aspects. It also previews upcoming facilities that could soon be implemented at CERN.

Poster THBP48 [63.760 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP48

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Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023

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FRA2I3

Summary of the Working Group C on Accelerator Systems

impedance, injection, cavity, laser

670

S. Machida
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
H. Huang
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
P.K. Saha
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-mura, Japan

This is a summary of the presentations and discussions of the Accelerator System working group at the 68th ICFA Advanced Beam Dynamics Workshop on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams.

Slides FRA2I3 [0.262 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I3

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Received ※ 22 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 15 December 2023

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FRA2I5

Summary of Working Group E: Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices

radiation, instrumentation, operation, simulation

677

P. Forck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
K. Satou
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

The talk concerns the summary of the Working Group E related to Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices

Slides FRA2I5 [6.640 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I5

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Received ※ 26 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 13 January 2024

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