HB2023 - List of Keywords (MMI)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA1I3	Intense Beam Issues in CSNS Accelerator Beam Commissioning	space-charge, sextupole, injection, cavity	16
	L. Huang, H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu, X.B. Luo, J. Peng, L. Rao IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H⁻ Linac, a 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), beam transport lines, a target station, and three spectrometers. The CSNS design beam power is 100 kW, with the capability to upgrade to 500 kW. In August 2018, CSNS was officially opened to domestic and international users. By February 2020, the beam power had reached 100 kW, and through improvements such as adding harmonic cavities, the beam power was increased to 140 kW. During the beam commissioning process, the beam loss caused by space charge effects was the most significant factor limiting the increase in beam power. Additionally, unexpected collective effects were observed, including coherent oscillations of the bunches, after the beam power reached 50 kW. Through a series of measures, the space charge effects and collective instabilities causing beam loss were effectively controlled. This paper mainly introduces the strong beam effects discovered during the beam commissioning at CSNS and their suppression methods. It also briefly discusses the research on beam space charge effects and collective effects in the beam dynamics design of CSNS-II project.
	Slides MOA1I3 [8.597 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I3
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA3I1	SPIRAL2 Commissioning and Operations	linac, cavity, operation, experiment	106
	A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand GANIL, Caen, France D.U. Uriot CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
	The SPIRAL2 linac is now successfully commissioned; H⁺, 4He2+, D⁺ and 18O6+ have been accelerated up to nominal parameters and 18O7+ and 40Ar14+ beams have been also accelerated up to 7 MeV/A. The main steps with 5 mA H⁺, D⁺ beams and with 0.6 mA 18O6+ are described. The general results of the commissioning of the RF, cryogenic and diagnostics systems, as well as the preliminary results of the first experiments on NFS are presented. In addition of an improvement of the matching to the linac, the tuning procedures of the 3 Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) rebunchers and 26 linac SC cavities were progressively improved to reach the nominal parameters in operation, starting from the classical ¿signature matching method¿. The different cavity tuning methods developed to take into account our particular situation (very low energy and large phase extension) are described. The tools developed for an efficient linac tuning in operation, e.g. beam energy and intensity changes are also discussed.
	Slides TUA3I1 [9.358 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA3I2	Measurements of Momentum Halo Due to the Reduced RFQ Voltage During the LIPAc Beam Commissioning	rfq, operation, simulation, cryomodule	112
	K. Hirosawa, A. De Franco, K. Hasegawa, K. Kondo, S. Kwon, K. Masuda, A. Mizuno, M. Sugimoto QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan F. Bénédetti CEA-DRF-IRFU, France Y. Carin, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, I. Moya, F. Scantamburlo F4E, Germany J.C. Morales Vega Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain I. Podadera CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator, LIPAc, is being commissioned aiming in particular at validating the RFQ up to 5MeV beam acceleration. Eventually, the nominal beam of 5 MeV-125 mA in 1 ms/1 Hz pulsed mode was achieved in 2019. The beam operation has been resumed since July 2023 after long maintenance including recovery from unexpected problems in the RFQ RF system. This new phase aims at the commissioning of the full configuration except SRF linac, which is replaced by a temporary beam transport line. Focusing on the RFQ behavior, it will be interesting to operate it at higher duty especially for longer pulses. Indeed, a beam simulation study suggested that the beam extracted from the RFQ includes considerable momentum halo when the RFQ voltage reduces by a few percent, with a slight decrease of mean energy. It can be a potential source of quench like the mismatched beam in the cryomodule. This could be studied measuring the energy from the Time-of-Flight among multiple BPMs while monitoring beam loss around the dipole, where momentum halo should be lost. During the upcoming commissioning, we propose to study them by scanning the RFQ voltage.
	Slides TUA3I2 [4.465 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I2
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA3I3	ESS Normal Conducting Linac Commissioning Results	DTL, MEBT, linac, LEBT	118
	Y. Levinsen, M.E. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source is designed to be the world’s brightest neutron source once in operation, driven by a 5 MW proton linac. The linac consists of a normal conducting front end followed by a superconducting linac. The normal conducting part has been commissioned in several stages, with the latest stage involving all but one DTL tank now in 2023. During this commissioning period, we successfully transported a 50 us pulse of the nominal 62.5 mA beam current. We will present an overview of the commissioning results, with a focus on what we achieved in this latest stage.
	Slides TUA3I3 [31.400 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I3
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA4C2	Application of Programmable Trim Quadrupoles in Beam Commissioning of CSNS/RCS	quadrupole, neutron, injection, lattice	158
	Y. Li, C.D. Deng, S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China Y.W. An, X. Qi, S. Wang, Y.S. Yuan IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China H.Y. Liu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) achieved its design power of 100 kW in 2020 and is currently stably operating at 140 kW after a series of measures. In the process of increasing beam power, 16 programmable trim quadrupoles were installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of CSNS to enable rapid variation of tunes, effective adjustment of Twiss parameters, and restoration of lattice superperiodicity through the machine cycle. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the design of the trim quadrupoles and preliminary results of the machine study. The beam experiments show that the trim quadrupoles play a crucial role in increasing beam power after exceeding 100 kW.
	Slides TUA4C2 [4.136 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4C2
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 22 October 2023
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THA1I1	Performance and Upgrade Considerations for the CSNS Injection	injection, neutron, proton, simulation	326
	M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12075134) and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021B1515120021). For the proton synchrotron, the beam injection is one of the most important issues. Firstly, based on the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the injection methods have been comprehensively studied, including phase space painting and H⁻ stripping. In order to solve the key difficulties faced when the beam power exceeds 50% of the design value, flexibility in the CSNS design has been exploited to implement the correlated painting by using the rising current curve of the pulse power supply. The effectiveness of the new method has been verified in the simulation and beam commissioning. By using the new method, the beam power on the target has successfully risen to the design value. Secondly, for the CSNS upgrade, the injection energy is increased from 80 MeV to 300 MeV and the injection beam power is increased by about 19 times. Based on the CSNS experience and simulation results, it is hoped that the new injection scheme can not only be compatible with correlated and anti-correlated painting, but also greatly reduces the peak temperature of the stripping foil. After in-depth study, a new painting scheme has been proposed which has been verified to be feasible in the simulation.
	Slides THA1I1 [2.951 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1I1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC1I2	FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans	operation, target, controls, linac	351
	J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.E. Laxdal TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada Y. Momozaki ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration.
	Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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THAFP08	Performance of the Ion Chain at the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies During the 2023 Slip Stacking Commissioning	injection, emittance, linac, extraction	418
	M. Slupecki, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, M. Bozzolan, R. Bruce, C. Carli, J. Cenede, H. Damerau, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, G. Hagmann, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, G. Khatri, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, K.S.B. Li, E. Mahner, G. Papotti, G. Piccinini, A. Rey, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, A. Spierer, G. Tranquille, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Waagaard EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The 2023 run has been decisive for the LHC Ion Injector Complex. It demonstrated the capability of producing full trains of momentum slip stacked lead ions in the SPS. Slip stacking is a technique of interleaving particle trains, reducing the bunch spacing in SPS from 100 ns to 50 ns. It is needed to reach the total ion intensity requested by the HL-LHC project, as defined by updated common LIU/HL-LHC target beam parameters. This paper reviews the lead beam characteristics across the Ion Injector Complex, including transmission efficiencies up to the SPS extraction. It also documents the difficulties found during the commissioning and the solutions put in place.
	Slides THAFP08 [1.114 MB]
	Poster THAFP08 [1.995 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP08
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP53	Commissioning and Operation of the Collimation System at the RCS of CSNS	collimation, controls, emittance, proton	615
	S.Y. Xu, J. Chen, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China K. Zhou IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	For high-intensity proton synchrotrons, minimizing particle losses during machine operation is essential to avoid radiation damage. Uncontrolled beam loss posed a significant challenge to achieving higher beam intensity and power for high-intensity proton synchrotrons. The beam collimation system can remove halo particles and to localize the beam loss. The use of collimation system is an important means of controlling uncontrolled beam loss in high-power proton accelerators. To reduce the uncontrolled beam loss, a transverse collimation system was designed for the RCS of CSNS. The design transverse collimator is a two-stage collimator. During the beam commissioning of CSNS, the designed two-stage collimator has been changed to one-stage collimator to overcome the problem of low collimation efficiency caused by insufficient phase shift between the primary and secondary collimators. By optimizing the collimation system, the beam loss is well localized in the collimator area, effectively reducing uncontrolled beam loss. The beam power of CSNS achieved the design value of 100 kW with small uncontrolled beam loss.
	Poster THBP53 [0.780 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP53
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
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FRA1I2	Design and Beam Commissioning of Dual Harmonic RF System in CSNS RCS	cavity, injection, bunching, space-charge	633
	H.Y. Liu, L. Huang IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Y. Liu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The CSNS accelerator achieved an average beam power on target of 100 kW in February 2020 and subsequently increased it to 125 kW in March 2022. Building upon this success, CSNS plans to further enhance the average beam power to 200 kW by doubling the particle number of the circulating beam in the RCS, while keeping the injection energy same. The space charge effect is a main limit for the beam intensity increase in high-power particle accelerators. By providing a second harmonic RF cavity with a harmonic number of 4, in combination with the ferrite cavity with a harmonic number of 2, the dual harmonic RF system aims to mitigate emittance increase and beam loss caused by space charge effects, thereby optimizing the longitudinal beam distribution. This paper will concentrate on the beam commissioning for the 140 kW operation subsequent to the installation of the magnetic alloy (MA) cavity. The commissioning process includes the optimization of RF parameters, beam studies, and evaluation of the beam quality and instability.
	Slides FRA1I2 [4.086 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I2
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 27 October 2023
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FRC1I1	The Beam Destinations for the Commissioning of the ESS High Power Normal Conducting Linac	DTL, proton, linac, LEBT	643
	E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, E. Laface, C. Neto, A. Olsson, L. Page, T.J. Shea ESS, Lund, Sweden V.V. Bertrand PANTECHNIK, Bayeux, France I. Bustinduy ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain M. Ruelas RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
	At the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), the commissioning of the high-power normal conducting linac started in 2018. This paper deals with the beam destinations for the commissioning phases with initially the proton source and LEBT, then the MEBT and lately four DTL sections. The beam destinations were designed to withstand the ESS commissioning beam modes (with proton current up to 62.5mA, pulse length up to 50E-6s and repetition rates up to 14Hz). The EPICS-based control system allows measurements of the proton current and pulse length in real-time; it controls the motion and the power suppliers, and it also monitors the water cooling systems. Special focus will be on the results of thermo-mechanical simulations in MCNP/ANSYS to ensure safe absorption and dissipation of the volumetric power-deposition. The devices’ materials were chosen not only to cope with the high-power proton-beam, but also to be vacuum-compatible, to minimize the activation of the beam destinations themselves and the residual dose nearby. The results of neutronics simulations will be summarized with special focus on the shielding strategy, the operational limits and relocation procedures.
	Slides FRC1I1 [6.348 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I1
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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FRA2I4	Summary of the Commissioning and Operations and Performance Working Group for HB2023 Workshop	operation, linac, proton, diagnostics	675
	N. Milas ESS, Lund, Sweden M. Bai SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Summary for WGD.
	Slides FRA2I4 [11.582 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I4
About •	Received ※ 06 November 2023 — Revised ※ 09 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 November 2023 — Issued ※ 17 November 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA1I3

Intense Beam Issues in CSNS Accelerator Beam Commissioning

space-charge, sextupole, injection, cavity

16

L. Huang, H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu, X.B. Luo, J. Peng, L. Rao
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H⁻ Linac, a 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), beam transport lines, a target station, and three spectrometers. The CSNS design beam power is 100 kW, with the capability to upgrade to 500 kW. In August 2018, CSNS was officially opened to domestic and international users. By February 2020, the beam power had reached 100 kW, and through improvements such as adding harmonic cavities, the beam power was increased to 140 kW. During the beam commissioning process, the beam loss caused by space charge effects was the most significant factor limiting the increase in beam power. Additionally, unexpected collective effects were observed, including coherent oscillations of the bunches, after the beam power reached 50 kW. Through a series of measures, the space charge effects and collective instabilities causing beam loss were effectively controlled. This paper mainly introduces the strong beam effects discovered during the beam commissioning at CSNS and their suppression methods. It also briefly discusses the research on beam space charge effects and collective effects in the beam dynamics design of CSNS-II project.

Slides MOA1I3 [8.597 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I3

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA3I1

SPIRAL2 Commissioning and Operations

linac, cavity, operation, experiment

106

A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand
GANIL, Caen, France
D.U. Uriot
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France

The SPIRAL2 linac is now successfully commissioned; H⁺, 4He2+, D⁺ and 18O6+ have been accelerated up to nominal parameters and 18O7+ and 40Ar14+ beams have been also accelerated up to 7 MeV/A. The main steps with 5 mA H⁺, D⁺ beams and with 0.6 mA 18O6+ are described. The general results of the commissioning of the RF, cryogenic and diagnostics systems, as well as the preliminary results of the first experiments on NFS are presented. In addition of an improvement of the matching to the linac, the tuning procedures of the 3 Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) rebunchers and 26 linac SC cavities were progressively improved to reach the nominal parameters in operation, starting from the classical ¿signature matching method¿. The different cavity tuning methods developed to take into account our particular situation (very low energy and large phase extension) are described. The tools developed for an efficient linac tuning in operation, e.g. beam energy and intensity changes are also discussed.

Slides TUA3I1 [9.358 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I1

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA3I2

Measurements of Momentum Halo Due to the Reduced RFQ Voltage During the LIPAc Beam Commissioning

rfq, operation, simulation, cryomodule

112

K. Hirosawa, A. De Franco, K. Hasegawa, K. Kondo, S. Kwon, K. Masuda, A. Mizuno, M. Sugimoto
QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan
F. Bénédetti
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
Y. Carin, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, I. Moya, F. Scantamburlo
F4E, Germany
J.C. Morales Vega
Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain
I. Podadera
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator, LIPAc, is being commissioned aiming in particular at validating the RFQ up to 5MeV beam acceleration. Eventually, the nominal beam of 5 MeV-125 mA in 1 ms/1 Hz pulsed mode was achieved in 2019. The beam operation has been resumed since July 2023 after long maintenance including recovery from unexpected problems in the RFQ RF system. This new phase aims at the commissioning of the full configuration except SRF linac, which is replaced by a temporary beam transport line. Focusing on the RFQ behavior, it will be interesting to operate it at higher duty especially for longer pulses. Indeed, a beam simulation study suggested that the beam extracted from the RFQ includes considerable momentum halo when the RFQ voltage reduces by a few percent, with a slight decrease of mean energy. It can be a potential source of quench like the mismatched beam in the cryomodule. This could be studied measuring the energy from the Time-of-Flight among multiple BPMs while monitoring beam loss around the dipole, where momentum halo should be lost. During the upcoming commissioning, we propose to study them by scanning the RFQ voltage.

Slides TUA3I2 [4.465 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I2

About •

Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA3I3

ESS Normal Conducting Linac Commissioning Results

DTL, MEBT, linac, LEBT

118

Y. Levinsen, M.E. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source is designed to be the world’s brightest neutron source once in operation, driven by a 5 MW proton linac. The linac consists of a normal conducting front end followed by a superconducting linac. The normal conducting part has been commissioned in several stages, with the latest stage involving all but one DTL tank now in 2023. During this commissioning period, we successfully transported a 50 us pulse of the nominal 62.5 mA beam current. We will present an overview of the commissioning results, with a focus on what we achieved in this latest stage.

Slides TUA3I3 [31.400 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I3

About •

Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

TUA4C2

Application of Programmable Trim Quadrupoles in Beam Commissioning of CSNS/RCS

quadrupole, neutron, injection, lattice

158

Y. Li, C.D. Deng, S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
Y.W. An, X. Qi, S. Wang, Y.S. Yuan
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
H.Y. Liu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) achieved its design power of 100 kW in 2020 and is currently stably operating at 140 kW after a series of measures. In the process of increasing beam power, 16 programmable trim quadrupoles were installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of CSNS to enable rapid variation of tunes, effective adjustment of Twiss parameters, and restoration of lattice superperiodicity through the machine cycle. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the design of the trim quadrupoles and preliminary results of the machine study. The beam experiments show that the trim quadrupoles play a crucial role in increasing beam power after exceeding 100 kW.

Slides TUA4C2 [4.136 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4C2

About •

Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 22 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA1I1

Performance and Upgrade Considerations for the CSNS Injection

injection, neutron, proton, simulation

326

M.Y. Huang, S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Funding: This work is jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 12075134) and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2021B1515120021).
For the proton synchrotron, the beam injection is one of the most important issues. Firstly, based on the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS), the injection methods have been comprehensively studied, including phase space painting and H⁻ stripping. In order to solve the key difficulties faced when the beam power exceeds 50% of the design value, flexibility in the CSNS design has been exploited to implement the correlated painting by using the rising current curve of the pulse power supply. The effectiveness of the new method has been verified in the simulation and beam commissioning. By using the new method, the beam power on the target has successfully risen to the design value. Secondly, for the CSNS upgrade, the injection energy is increased from 80 MeV to 300 MeV and the injection beam power is increased by about 19 times. Based on the CSNS experience and simulation results, it is hoped that the new injection scheme can not only be compatible with correlated and anti-correlated painting, but also greatly reduces the peak temperature of the stripping foil. After in-depth study, a new painting scheme has been proposed which has been verified to be feasible in the simulation.

Slides THA1I1 [2.951 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1I1

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023

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THC1I2

FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans

operation, target, controls, linac

351

J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Facco
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.E. Laxdal
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
Y. Momozaki
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration.

Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023

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THAFP08

Performance of the Ion Chain at the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies During the 2023 Slip Stacking Commissioning

injection, emittance, linac, extraction

418

M. Slupecki, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, M. Bozzolan, R. Bruce, C. Carli, J. Cenede, H. Damerau, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, G. Hagmann, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, G. Khatri, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, K.S.B. Li, E. Mahner, G. Papotti, G. Piccinini, A. Rey, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, A. Spierer, G. Tranquille, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Waagaard
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The 2023 run has been decisive for the LHC Ion Injector Complex. It demonstrated the capability of producing full trains of momentum slip stacked lead ions in the SPS. Slip stacking is a technique of interleaving particle trains, reducing the bunch spacing in SPS from 100 ns to 50 ns. It is needed to reach the total ion intensity requested by the HL-LHC project, as defined by updated common LIU/HL-LHC target beam parameters. This paper reviews the lead beam characteristics across the Ion Injector Complex, including transmission efficiencies up to the SPS extraction. It also documents the difficulties found during the commissioning and the solutions put in place.

Slides THAFP08 [1.114 MB]

Poster THAFP08 [1.995 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP08

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THBP53

Commissioning and Operation of the Collimation System at the RCS of CSNS

collimation, controls, emittance, proton

615

S.Y. Xu, J. Chen, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
K. Zhou
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

For high-intensity proton synchrotrons, minimizing particle losses during machine operation is essential to avoid radiation damage. Uncontrolled beam loss posed a significant challenge to achieving higher beam intensity and power for high-intensity proton synchrotrons. The beam collimation system can remove halo particles and to localize the beam loss. The use of collimation system is an important means of controlling uncontrolled beam loss in high-power proton accelerators. To reduce the uncontrolled beam loss, a transverse collimation system was designed for the RCS of CSNS. The design transverse collimator is a two-stage collimator. During the beam commissioning of CSNS, the designed two-stage collimator has been changed to one-stage collimator to overcome the problem of low collimation efficiency caused by insufficient phase shift between the primary and secondary collimators. By optimizing the collimation system, the beam loss is well localized in the collimator area, effectively reducing uncontrolled beam loss. The beam power of CSNS achieved the design value of 100 kW with small uncontrolled beam loss.

Poster THBP53 [0.780 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP53

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Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023

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FRA1I2

Design and Beam Commissioning of Dual Harmonic RF System in CSNS RCS

cavity, injection, bunching, space-charge

633

H.Y. Liu, L. Huang
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Y. Liu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The CSNS accelerator achieved an average beam power on target of 100 kW in February 2020 and subsequently increased it to 125 kW in March 2022. Building upon this success, CSNS plans to further enhance the average beam power to 200 kW by doubling the particle number of the circulating beam in the RCS, while keeping the injection energy same. The space charge effect is a main limit for the beam intensity increase in high-power particle accelerators. By providing a second harmonic RF cavity with a harmonic number of 4, in combination with the ferrite cavity with a harmonic number of 2, the dual harmonic RF system aims to mitigate emittance increase and beam loss caused by space charge effects, thereby optimizing the longitudinal beam distribution. This paper will concentrate on the beam commissioning for the 140 kW operation subsequent to the installation of the magnetic alloy (MA) cavity. The commissioning process includes the optimization of RF parameters, beam studies, and evaluation of the beam quality and instability.

Slides FRA1I2 [4.086 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I2

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Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 27 October 2023

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FRC1I1

The Beam Destinations for the Commissioning of the ESS High Power Normal Conducting Linac

DTL, proton, linac, LEBT

643

E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, E. Laface, C. Neto, A. Olsson, L. Page, T.J. Shea
ESS, Lund, Sweden
V.V. Bertrand
PANTECHNIK, Bayeux, France
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
M. Ruelas
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA

At the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), the commissioning of the high-power normal conducting linac started in 2018. This paper deals with the beam destinations for the commissioning phases with initially the proton source and LEBT, then the MEBT and lately four DTL sections. The beam destinations were designed to withstand the ESS commissioning beam modes (with proton current up to 62.5mA, pulse length up to 50E-6s and repetition rates up to 14Hz). The EPICS-based control system allows measurements of the proton current and pulse length in real-time; it controls the motion and the power suppliers, and it also monitors the water cooling systems. Special focus will be on the results of thermo-mechanical simulations in MCNP/ANSYS to ensure safe absorption and dissipation of the volumetric power-deposition. The devices’ materials were chosen not only to cope with the high-power proton-beam, but also to be vacuum-compatible, to minimize the activation of the beam destinations themselves and the residual dose nearby. The results of neutronics simulations will be summarized with special focus on the shielding strategy, the operational limits and relocation procedures.

Slides FRC1I1 [6.348 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I1

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023

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FRA2I4

Summary of the Commissioning and Operations and Performance Working Group for HB2023 Workshop

operation, linac, proton, diagnostics

675

N. Milas
ESS, Lund, Sweden
M. Bai
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Summary for WGD.

Slides FRA2I4 [11.582 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I4

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Received ※ 06 November 2023 — Revised ※ 09 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 November 2023 — Issued ※ 17 November 2023

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