HB2023 - List of Keywords (electron)

Paper	Title	Other Keywords	Page
MOA3I1	Beam Dynamics Challenges in the Design of the Electron-Ion Collider	polarization, hadron, proton, emittance	23
	Y. Luo, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Marx, E. Wang, F.J. Willeke BNL, Upton, New York, USA A. Blednykh, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, S. Verdú-Andrés Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA S. Nagaitsev JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA
	Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide polarized high-energy electron beams with hadron beams, achieving luminosities up to 1 × 10³⁴ cm^¿2 s^¿1 in the center-of-mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. To achieve such high luminosity, we adopt high bunch intensities for both beams, small and flat transverse beam sizes at the interaction point (IP), a large crossing angle of 25 mrad, and a novel strong hadron cooling in the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) to counteract intra-beam scattering (IBS) at the collision energy. In this talk, we will review the beam dynamics challenges in the design of the EIC, particularly the single-particle dynamic aperture, polarization maintenance, beam-beam interaction, impedance budget and instabilities. We will also briefly mention some technical challenges associated with beam dynamics, such as strong hadron cooling, multipoles and noises of crab cavities, power supply current ripples, and the vacuum upgrade to existing beam pipes of the Hadron Storage Ring of the EIC.
	Slides MOA3I1 [3.437 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I1
About •	Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA3C1	The Tracking Code RF-Track and Its Application	simulation, linac, positron, space-charge	245
	A. Latina CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	RF-Track is a CERN-developed particle tracking code that can simulate the generation, acceleration, and tracking of beams of any species through an entire accelerator, both in realistic field maps and conventional elements. RF-Track includes a large set of single-particle and collective effects: space-charge, beam-beam, beam loading in standing and travelling wave structures, short- and long-range wakefield effects, synchrotron radiation emission, multiple Coulomb scattering in materials, and particle lifetime. These effects make it the ideal tool for the simulation of high-intensity machines. RF-Track has been used for the simulation of electron linacs for medical applications, inverse-Compton-scattering sources, positron sources, protons in Linac4, and the cooling channel of a future muon collider. An overview of the code is presented, along with some significant results.
	Slides WEA3C1 [2.696 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA3C1
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEC3C2	High Energy Cooling	proton, undulator, emittance, linac	274
	V.A. Lebedev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	The paper considers methods of particle cooling applicable to beam cooling in high energy hadron colliders at the collision energy. Presently, there are two major methods of the cooling the electron cooling and stochastic cooling. The later, in application to colliders, requires exceptionally large frequency band of cooling system. Presently two methods are considered. They are the optical stochastic cooling (OSC) and the coherent electron cooling (CEC). OSC and CEC are essentially extensions of microwave stochastic cooling, operating in 1-10 GHz frequency range, to the optical frequencies enabling bands up to 30-300 THz. The OSC uses undulators as a pickup and a kicker, and an optical amplifier for signal amplification, while the CEC uses an electron beam for all these functions. We discuss major limitations, advantages and disadvantages of electron and stochastic cooling systems.
	Slides WEC3C2 [1.054 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC3C2
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA1C1	High Intensity Beam Dynamics Challenges for HL-LHC	impedance, cavity, luminosity, octupole	344
	N. Mounet, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, X. Buffat, R. Calaga, R. De Maria, C.N. Droin, L. Giacomel, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, S. Kostoglou, B. Lindström, L. Mether, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, K. Paraschou, S. Redaelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, G. Sterbini, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project aims to increase the integrated luminosity of CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by an order of magnitude compared to its initial design. This requires a large increase in bunch intensity and beam brightness compared to the first LHC runs, and hence poses serious collective-effects challenges, related in particular to electron cloud, instabilities from beam-coupling impedance, and beam-beam effects. Here we present the associated constraints and the proposed mitigation measures to achieve the baseline performance of the upgraded LHC machine. We also discuss the interplay of these mitigation measures with other aspects of the accelerator, such as the physical and dynamic aperture, machine protection, magnet imperfections, optics, and the collimation system.
	Slides THA1C1 [3.385 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1C1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 10 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC1C1	Transverse Emittance Reconstruction Along the Cycle of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator	emittance, operation, antiproton, proton	358
	G. Russo, B. Dupuy, D. Gamba, L. Ponce CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The precise knowledge of the transverse beam emittances on the different energy plateaus of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ring is important for assessing the machine performance and beam quality. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing transverse beam profiles from scraper measurements employing the Abel transform. The proposed methodology provides a precise, reproducible and user independent way of computing the beam emittance, as well as a useful tool to qualitatively track machine performance in routine operation. As discussed in this paper, its application has already been proven crucial for the operational setting-up of the stochastic cooling and for determining the proper functioning of the electron cooling in AD. It also opens up the possibility for detailed benchmarking studies of the cooling performance in different machine and beam conditions.
	Slides THC1C1 [2.426 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1C1
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAFP10	Stripline Design of a Fast Faraday Cup for the Bunch Length Measurement at ISOLDE-ISRS	ISOL, scattering, impedance, operation	426
	S. Varnasseri, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, R. Miracoli, J.L. Muñoz ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	In order to measure the bunch length of the beam after Multi Harmonic Buncher (MHB) of ISOLDE Superconducting Recoil Separator (ISRS) and characterize the longitudinal structure of bunches of MHB, installation of a Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) is foreseen. Several possible structures of the fast faraday cup are studied and due to timing characteristics of the beam, a microstrip design is selected as the first option. The beam is collected on the biased collector of the microstrip with a matched impedance and transferred to the RF wideband amplification system. The amplified signal then can be analyzed on the wideband oscilloscope or acquisition system to extract the bunch length and bunch timing structure with precision. The design of the microstrip FFC and primary RF measurement of the prototype are discussed in this paper.
	Slides THAFP10 [2.832 MB]
	Poster THAFP10 [0.642 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP10
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAFP11	FPGA-Based Digital IQ Demodulator Used in the Beam Position Monitors for HIAF BRing	FPGA, synchrotron, electronics, pick-up	429
	F.F. Ni, Z.X. Li, R.X. Tian, Y. Wei, J.X. Wu IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: NSFC No. E911010301, Y913010GJ0, A digital beam position monitor processor has been developed for the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The digital IQ demodulator is used in the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) signal processing. All data acquisition and digital signal processing algorithm routines are performed within the FPGA. In the BPM electronics system, a 250 MHz sample rates ADC was used to digitize the pick-ups signal. In the FPGA, the digital signal is filtered by ultra-narrow bandpass filters, then the digital IQ demodulator is used to calculate the beam position with difference-over-sum algorithm. The heavy ion synchrotron CSRm revolution frequency is changing from 0.2 MHz to 1.78 MHz when accelerates charged particles. In this design, a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) whose output frequency changes over time is applied to generate the in-phase and quadrature components in the digital IQ demodulator. The performance of this designed BPM processor was evaluated with the online HIRFL-CSRm.
	Slides THAFP11 [1.332 MB]
	Poster THAFP11 [4.534 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP11
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 19 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP10	A Linearized Vlasov Method for the Study of Transverse e-Cloud Instabilities	simulation, quadrupole, dipole, betatron	462
	S. Johannesson, M. Seidel EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland G. Iadarola CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Using a Vlasov approach, electron cloud driven instabilities can be modeled to study beam stability on time scales that conventional Particle In Cell simulation methods cannot access. The Vlasov approach uses a linear description of electron cloud forces that accounts for both the betatron tune modulation along the bunch and the dipolar kicks from the electron cloud. Forces from electron clouds formed in quadrupole magnets as well as dipole magnets have been expressed in this formalism. In addition, the Vlasov approach can take into account the effect of chromaticity. To benchmark the Vlasov approach, it was compared with macroparticle simulations using the same linear description of electron cloud forces. The results showed good agreement between the Vlasov approach and macroparticle simulations for strong electron clouds, with both approaches showing a stabilizing effect from positive chromaticity. This stabilizing effect is consistent with observations from the LHC.
	Poster THBP10 [4.059 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP10
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023
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THBP16	Emittance Growth From Electron Clouds Forming in the LHC Arc Quadrupoles	simulation, emittance, resonance, optics	487
	K. Paraschou, H. Bartosik, L. Deniau, G. Iadarola, E.H. Maclean, L. Mether, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Rumolo, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland T. Pieloni, J.M.B. Potdevin EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Operation of the Large Hadron Collider with proton bunches spaced 25 ns apart favours the formation of electron clouds. In fact, a slow emittance growth is observed in proton bunches at injection energy (450 GeV), showing a bunch-by-bunch signature that is compatible with electron cloud effects. The study of these effects is particularly relevant in view of the planned HL-LHC upgrade, which relies on significantly increased beam intensity and brightness. Particle tracking simulations that take into account both electron cloud effects and the non-linear magnetic fields of the lattice suggest that the electron clouds forming in the arc quadrupoles are responsible for the observed degradation. In this work, the simulation results are studied to gain insight into the mechanism which drives the slow emittance growth. Finally, it is discussed how optimising the optics of the lattice can allow the mitigation of such effects.
	Poster THBP16 [3.432 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP16
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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THBP31	Electron Cloud Effects in the CERN Accelerators in Run 3	operation, injection, kicker, simulation	538
	L. Mether, H. Bartosik, L. Giacomel, G. Iadarola, S. Johannesson, I. Mases Solé, K. Paraschou, G. Rumolo, L. Sabato, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland S. Johannesson EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Several of the machines in the CERN accelerator complex, in particular the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), are prone to the build-up of electron clouds. Electron cloud effects are observed especially when the machines are operated with a 25 ns bunch spacing, which has routinely been used in the LHC since the start of its second operational run in 2015. After the completion of the LHC Injectors Upgrade program during the latest long shutdown period, the machines are currently operated with unprecedented bunch intensity and beam brightness. With the increase in bunch intensity, electron cloud effects have become one of the main performance limitations, as predicted by simulation studies. In this contribution we present the experimental observations of electron cloud effects since 2021 and discuss their implications for the future operation of the complex.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP31
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 23 October 2023
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THBP50	Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler Operations in the Megawatt Era	operation, proton, booster, experiment	607
	A.P. Schreckenberger Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Significant upgrades to Fermilab¿s accelerator complex have accompanied the development of LBNF and DUNE. These improvements will facilitate 1-MW operation of the NuMI beam for the first time this year through changes to the Recycler slip-stacking procedure and shortening of the Main Injector ramp time. The modifications to the Recycler slip-stacking and effort to reduce the Main Injector ramp time will be discussed. Additionally, details regarding further shortening of the ramp time and the impact on future accelerator operations are presented.
	Poster THBP50 [0.923 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP50
About •	Received ※ 25 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023
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THBP55	Commissioning of NICA Injection Complex	booster, injection, acceleration, operation	618
	V.A. Lebedev, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, B.V. Golovenskiy, E.V. Gorbachev, S.A. Kostromin, K.A. Levterov, I.N. Meshkov, A.S. Sergeev, M.M. Shandov, A.O. Sidorin, V.L. Smirnov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia I. Nikolaichuk, A.Yu. Ramsdorf JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at JINR. The NICA project goal is to provide colliding beams for studies of collisions of heavy fully stripped ions and light p¿lairized ions. The NICA Collider includes two rings with 503 m circumference each and the injection complex. For the heavy ion mode, the injection complex consists of following accelerators: 3.2 MeV/u linac (HILAC), 600 MeV/u (A/Z=6) superconducting booster synchrotron (Booster) and main superconducting synchrotron (Nuclotron) with kinetic energy up to 3.9 GeV/u (A/Z=2.5). The injection complex has been under commissioning for more than 2 years. Its Run IV was carried from October 2022 to February of 2023. It was aimed on the injection complex preparation for the collider operations in the heavy ion mode. Additionally, the slowly extracted 3.9 GeV/u xenon beam was delivered to the BM&N experiment resulting in 250 million events in the detector. The paper discusses main results of the injection complex commissioning and plans for its further development. The beam commissioning of the collider is expected in the 2nd half of 2025.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP55
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
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FRA1I1	Status of the IOTA Proton Injector	proton, rfq, MEBT, LEBT	629
	D.R. Edstrom, D.R. Broemmelsiek, K. Carlson, J.-P. Carneiro, H. Piekarz, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility, is a beamline capable of delivering 20-mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in 2023, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further fundamental physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies in the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation.
	Slides FRA1I1 [6.466 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I1
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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Paper

Title

Other Keywords

Page

MOA3I1

Beam Dynamics Challenges in the Design of the Electron-Ion Collider

polarization, hadron, proton, emittance

23

Y. Luo, M. Blaskiewicz, D. Marx, E. Wang, F.J. Willeke
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
A. Blednykh, C. Montag, V. Ptitsyn, V.H. Ranjbar, S. Verdú-Andrés
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Electron-Ion Collider, Upton, New York, USA
S. Nagaitsev
JLab, Newport News, Virginia, USA

Funding: Work supported by Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-SC0012704 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), presently under construction at Brookhaven National Laboratory, will collide polarized high-energy electron beams with hadron beams, achieving luminosities up to 1 × 10³⁴ cm^¿2 s^¿1 in the center-of-mass energy range of 20-140 GeV. To achieve such high luminosity, we adopt high bunch intensities for both beams, small and flat transverse beam sizes at the interaction point (IP), a large crossing angle of 25 mrad, and a novel strong hadron cooling in the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) to counteract intra-beam scattering (IBS) at the collision energy. In this talk, we will review the beam dynamics challenges in the design of the EIC, particularly the single-particle dynamic aperture, polarization maintenance, beam-beam interaction, impedance budget and instabilities. We will also briefly mention some technical challenges associated with beam dynamics, such as strong hadron cooling, multipoles and noises of crab cavities, power supply current ripples, and the vacuum upgrade to existing beam pipes of the Hadron Storage Ring of the EIC.

Slides MOA3I1 [3.437 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I1

About •

Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEA3C1

The Tracking Code RF-Track and Its Application

simulation, linac, positron, space-charge

245

A. Latina
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

RF-Track is a CERN-developed particle tracking code that can simulate the generation, acceleration, and tracking of beams of any species through an entire accelerator, both in realistic field maps and conventional elements. RF-Track includes a large set of single-particle and collective effects: space-charge, beam-beam, beam loading in standing and travelling wave structures, short- and long-range wakefield effects, synchrotron radiation emission, multiple Coulomb scattering in materials, and particle lifetime. These effects make it the ideal tool for the simulation of high-intensity machines. RF-Track has been used for the simulation of electron linacs for medical applications, inverse-Compton-scattering sources, positron sources, protons in Linac4, and the cooling channel of a future muon collider. An overview of the code is presented, along with some significant results.

Slides WEA3C1 [2.696 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEA3C1

About •

Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

WEC3C2

High Energy Cooling

proton, undulator, emittance, linac

274

V.A. Lebedev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

The paper considers methods of particle cooling applicable to beam cooling in high energy hadron colliders at the collision energy. Presently, there are two major methods of the cooling the electron cooling and stochastic cooling. The later, in application to colliders, requires exceptionally large frequency band of cooling system. Presently two methods are considered. They are the optical stochastic cooling (OSC) and the coherent electron cooling (CEC). OSC and CEC are essentially extensions of microwave stochastic cooling, operating in 1-10 GHz frequency range, to the optical frequencies enabling bands up to 30-300 THz. The OSC uses undulators as a pickup and a kicker, and an optical amplifier for signal amplification, while the CEC uses an electron beam for all these functions. We discuss major limitations, advantages and disadvantages of electron and stochastic cooling systems.

Slides WEC3C2 [1.054 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC3C2

About •

Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THA1C1

High Intensity Beam Dynamics Challenges for HL-LHC

impedance, cavity, luminosity, octupole

344

N. Mounet, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, X. Buffat, R. Calaga, R. De Maria, C.N. Droin, L. Giacomel, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, S. Kostoglou, B. Lindström, L. Mether, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, K. Paraschou, S. Redaelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, G. Sterbini, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project aims to increase the integrated luminosity of CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by an order of magnitude compared to its initial design. This requires a large increase in bunch intensity and beam brightness compared to the first LHC runs, and hence poses serious collective-effects challenges, related in particular to electron cloud, instabilities from beam-coupling impedance, and beam-beam effects. Here we present the associated constraints and the proposed mitigation measures to achieve the baseline performance of the upgraded LHC machine. We also discuss the interplay of these mitigation measures with other aspects of the accelerator, such as the physical and dynamic aperture, machine protection, magnet imperfections, optics, and the collimation system.

Slides THA1C1 [3.385 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1C1

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 10 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC1C1

Transverse Emittance Reconstruction Along the Cycle of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator

emittance, operation, antiproton, proton

358

G. Russo, B. Dupuy, D. Gamba, L. Ponce
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The precise knowledge of the transverse beam emittances on the different energy plateaus of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ring is important for assessing the machine performance and beam quality. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing transverse beam profiles from scraper measurements employing the Abel transform. The proposed methodology provides a precise, reproducible and user independent way of computing the beam emittance, as well as a useful tool to qualitatively track machine performance in routine operation. As discussed in this paper, its application has already been proven crucial for the operational setting-up of the stochastic cooling and for determining the proper functioning of the electron cooling in AD. It also opens up the possibility for detailed benchmarking studies of the cooling performance in different machine and beam conditions.

Slides THC1C1 [2.426 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1C1

About •

Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAFP10

Stripline Design of a Fast Faraday Cup for the Bunch Length Measurement at ISOLDE-ISRS

ISOL, scattering, impedance, operation

426

S. Varnasseri, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, R. Miracoli, J.L. Muñoz
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

In order to measure the bunch length of the beam after Multi Harmonic Buncher (MHB) of ISOLDE Superconducting Recoil Separator (ISRS) and characterize the longitudinal structure of bunches of MHB, installation of a Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) is foreseen. Several possible structures of the fast faraday cup are studied and due to timing characteristics of the beam, a microstrip design is selected as the first option. The beam is collected on the biased collector of the microstrip with a matched impedance and transferred to the RF wideband amplification system. The amplified signal then can be analyzed on the wideband oscilloscope or acquisition system to extract the bunch length and bunch timing structure with precision. The design of the microstrip FFC and primary RF measurement of the prototype are discussed in this paper.

Slides THAFP10 [2.832 MB]

Poster THAFP10 [0.642 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP10

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAFP11

FPGA-Based Digital IQ Demodulator Used in the Beam Position Monitors for HIAF BRing

FPGA, synchrotron, electronics, pick-up

429

F.F. Ni, Z.X. Li, R.X. Tian, Y. Wei, J.X. Wu
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

Funding: NSFC No. E911010301, Y913010GJ0,
A digital beam position monitor processor has been developed for the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The digital IQ demodulator is used in the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) signal processing. All data acquisition and digital signal processing algorithm routines are performed within the FPGA. In the BPM electronics system, a 250 MHz sample rates ADC was used to digitize the pick-ups signal. In the FPGA, the digital signal is filtered by ultra-narrow bandpass filters, then the digital IQ demodulator is used to calculate the beam position with difference-over-sum algorithm. The heavy ion synchrotron CSRm revolution frequency is changing from 0.2 MHz to 1.78 MHz when accelerates charged particles. In this design, a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) whose output frequency changes over time is applied to generate the in-phase and quadrature components in the digital IQ demodulator. The performance of this designed BPM processor was evaluated with the online HIRFL-CSRm.

Slides THAFP11 [1.332 MB]

Poster THAFP11 [4.534 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP11

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Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 19 October 2023

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THBP10

A Linearized Vlasov Method for the Study of Transverse e-Cloud Instabilities

simulation, quadrupole, dipole, betatron

462

S. Johannesson, M. Seidel
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
G. Iadarola
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Using a Vlasov approach, electron cloud driven instabilities can be modeled to study beam stability on time scales that conventional Particle In Cell simulation methods cannot access. The Vlasov approach uses a linear description of electron cloud forces that accounts for both the betatron tune modulation along the bunch and the dipolar kicks from the electron cloud. Forces from electron clouds formed in quadrupole magnets as well as dipole magnets have been expressed in this formalism. In addition, the Vlasov approach can take into account the effect of chromaticity. To benchmark the Vlasov approach, it was compared with macroparticle simulations using the same linear description of electron cloud forces. The results showed good agreement between the Vlasov approach and macroparticle simulations for strong electron clouds, with both approaches showing a stabilizing effect from positive chromaticity. This stabilizing effect is consistent with observations from the LHC.

Poster THBP10 [4.059 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP10

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Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023

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THBP16

Emittance Growth From Electron Clouds Forming in the LHC Arc Quadrupoles

simulation, emittance, resonance, optics

487

K. Paraschou, H. Bartosik, L. Deniau, G. Iadarola, E.H. Maclean, L. Mether, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Rumolo, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
T. Pieloni, J.M.B. Potdevin
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Operation of the Large Hadron Collider with proton bunches spaced 25 ns apart favours the formation of electron clouds. In fact, a slow emittance growth is observed in proton bunches at injection energy (450 GeV), showing a bunch-by-bunch signature that is compatible with electron cloud effects. The study of these effects is particularly relevant in view of the planned HL-LHC upgrade, which relies on significantly increased beam intensity and brightness. Particle tracking simulations that take into account both electron cloud effects and the non-linear magnetic fields of the lattice suggest that the electron clouds forming in the arc quadrupoles are responsible for the observed degradation. In this work, the simulation results are studied to gain insight into the mechanism which drives the slow emittance growth. Finally, it is discussed how optimising the optics of the lattice can allow the mitigation of such effects.

Poster THBP16 [3.432 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP16

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

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THBP31

Electron Cloud Effects in the CERN Accelerators in Run 3

operation, injection, kicker, simulation

538

L. Mether, H. Bartosik, L. Giacomel, G. Iadarola, S. Johannesson, I. Mases Solé, K. Paraschou, G. Rumolo, L. Sabato, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
S. Johannesson
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Several of the machines in the CERN accelerator complex, in particular the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS), are prone to the build-up of electron clouds. Electron cloud effects are observed especially when the machines are operated with a 25 ns bunch spacing, which has routinely been used in the LHC since the start of its second operational run in 2015. After the completion of the LHC Injectors Upgrade program during the latest long shutdown period, the machines are currently operated with unprecedented bunch intensity and beam brightness. With the increase in bunch intensity, electron cloud effects have become one of the main performance limitations, as predicted by simulation studies. In this contribution we present the experimental observations of electron cloud effects since 2021 and discuss their implications for the future operation of the complex.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP31

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 23 October 2023

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THBP50

Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler Operations in the Megawatt Era

operation, proton, booster, experiment

607

A.P. Schreckenberger
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Significant upgrades to Fermilab¿s accelerator complex have accompanied the development of LBNF and DUNE. These improvements will facilitate 1-MW operation of the NuMI beam for the first time this year through changes to the Recycler slip-stacking procedure and shortening of the Main Injector ramp time. The modifications to the Recycler slip-stacking and effort to reduce the Main Injector ramp time will be discussed. Additionally, details regarding further shortening of the ramp time and the impact on future accelerator operations are presented.

Poster THBP50 [0.923 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP50

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Received ※ 25 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023

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THBP55

Commissioning of NICA Injection Complex

booster, injection, acceleration, operation

618

V.A. Lebedev, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, B.V. Golovenskiy, E.V. Gorbachev, S.A. Kostromin, K.A. Levterov, I.N. Meshkov, A.S. Sergeev, M.M. Shandov, A.O. Sidorin, V.L. Smirnov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
I. Nikolaichuk, A.Yu. Ramsdorf
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at JINR. The NICA project goal is to provide colliding beams for studies of collisions of heavy fully stripped ions and light p¿lairized ions. The NICA Collider includes two rings with 503 m circumference each and the injection complex. For the heavy ion mode, the injection complex consists of following accelerators: 3.2 MeV/u linac (HILAC), 600 MeV/u (A/Z=6) superconducting booster synchrotron (Booster) and main superconducting synchrotron (Nuclotron) with kinetic energy up to 3.9 GeV/u (A/Z=2.5). The injection complex has been under commissioning for more than 2 years. Its Run IV was carried from October 2022 to February of 2023. It was aimed on the injection complex preparation for the collider operations in the heavy ion mode. Additionally, the slowly extracted 3.9 GeV/u xenon beam was delivered to the BM&N experiment resulting in 250 million events in the detector. The paper discusses main results of the injection complex commissioning and plans for its further development. The beam commissioning of the collider is expected in the 2nd half of 2025.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP55

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Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023

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FRA1I1

Status of the IOTA Proton Injector

proton, rfq, MEBT, LEBT

629

D.R. Edstrom, D.R. Broemmelsiek, K. Carlson, J.-P. Carneiro, H. Piekarz, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility, is a beamline capable of delivering 20-mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in 2023, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further fundamental physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies in the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation.

Slides FRA1I1 [6.466 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I1

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Received ※ 08 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

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