HB2023 - Classification: Operations and Commissioning

Paper	Title	Page
MOA1I2	FRIB from Commissioning to Operation	9
	P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator.
	Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2
About •	Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
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MOA1I3	Intense Beam Issues in CSNS Accelerator Beam Commissioning	16
	L. Huang, H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu, X.B. Luo, J. Peng, L. Rao IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H⁻ Linac, a 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), beam transport lines, a target station, and three spectrometers. The CSNS design beam power is 100 kW, with the capability to upgrade to 500 kW. In August 2018, CSNS was officially opened to domestic and international users. By February 2020, the beam power had reached 100 kW, and through improvements such as adding harmonic cavities, the beam power was increased to 140 kW. During the beam commissioning process, the beam loss caused by space charge effects was the most significant factor limiting the increase in beam power. Additionally, unexpected collective effects were observed, including coherent oscillations of the bunches, after the beam power reached 50 kW. Through a series of measures, the space charge effects and collective instabilities causing beam loss were effectively controlled. This paper mainly introduces the strong beam effects discovered during the beam commissioning at CSNS and their suppression methods. It also briefly discusses the research on beam space charge effects and collective effects in the beam dynamics design of CSNS-II project.
	Slides MOA1I3 [8.597 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I3
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
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MOA2I1	Beam Commissioning of the J-PARC Mr After Its High-Repetition Rate Upgrade
	Y. Sato, H. Hotchi KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	At the J-PARC MR, a project to increase beam power with faster repetition rates is currently underway. With large-scale hardware upgrades in Jul. 2021 to Jun. 2022, the MR operation cycle for the fast extraction mode has been shortened from 2.48 s to 1.36 s, and beam commissioning at this operation cycle is in progress now. The MR first aims to achieve a beam power of >750 kW at this operation cycle, and then finally 1.3 MW by further shortening the operation cycle to 1.16 s and with a higher beam intensity of 3.3 x 10¹⁴ ppp. This paper describes the beam commissioning status including the future prospect.
	Slides MOA2I1 [8.270 MB]
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MOA3I2	Accelerator Challenges in the Fermilab Neutrino Program
	J.S. Eldred Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	In Fermilab’s 2022-2023 proton complex run, Fermilab recovered from an unexpected failure in the neutrino focusing horn to achieve a record beam power of 960 kW. For Snowmass and P5, Fermilab recently proposed a new upgrade plan known as Accelerator Complex Evolution (ACE) to occur after PIP-II upgrade in tandem with DUNE/LBNF operation. The first phase of ACE, is the ACE Main Injector Ramp and Targetry upgrade, would raise the LBNF beam power from 1.2 MW to 2 MW by shortening the Main Injector cycle time to around 0.65s. The second phase of ACE, the ACE Booster Replacement, would replace the Booster with a new machine and achieve 2.4 MW for DUNE/LBNF. The core accelerator challenges, present and future, for operating intense neutrino beams at Fermilab will be highlighted.
	Slides MOA3I2 [4.467 MB]
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TUA3I1	SPIRAL2 Commissioning and Operations	106
	A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand GANIL, Caen, France D.U. Uriot CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
	The SPIRAL2 linac is now successfully commissioned; H⁺, 4He2+, D⁺ and 18O6+ have been accelerated up to nominal parameters and 18O7+ and 40Ar14+ beams have been also accelerated up to 7 MeV/A. The main steps with 5 mA H⁺, D⁺ beams and with 0.6 mA 18O6+ are described. The general results of the commissioning of the RF, cryogenic and diagnostics systems, as well as the preliminary results of the first experiments on NFS are presented. In addition of an improvement of the matching to the linac, the tuning procedures of the 3 Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) rebunchers and 26 linac SC cavities were progressively improved to reach the nominal parameters in operation, starting from the classical ¿signature matching method¿. The different cavity tuning methods developed to take into account our particular situation (very low energy and large phase extension) are described. The tools developed for an efficient linac tuning in operation, e.g. beam energy and intensity changes are also discussed.
	Slides TUA3I1 [9.358 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
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TUA3I2	Measurements of Momentum Halo Due to the Reduced RFQ Voltage During the LIPAc Beam Commissioning	112
	K. Hirosawa, A. De Franco, K. Hasegawa, K. Kondo, S. Kwon, K. Masuda, A. Mizuno, M. Sugimoto QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan F. Bénédetti CEA-DRF-IRFU, France Y. Carin, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, I. Moya, F. Scantamburlo F4E, Germany J.C. Morales Vega Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain I. Podadera CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
	The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator, LIPAc, is being commissioned aiming in particular at validating the RFQ up to 5MeV beam acceleration. Eventually, the nominal beam of 5 MeV-125 mA in 1 ms/1 Hz pulsed mode was achieved in 2019. The beam operation has been resumed since July 2023 after long maintenance including recovery from unexpected problems in the RFQ RF system. This new phase aims at the commissioning of the full configuration except SRF linac, which is replaced by a temporary beam transport line. Focusing on the RFQ behavior, it will be interesting to operate it at higher duty especially for longer pulses. Indeed, a beam simulation study suggested that the beam extracted from the RFQ includes considerable momentum halo when the RFQ voltage reduces by a few percent, with a slight decrease of mean energy. It can be a potential source of quench like the mismatched beam in the cryomodule. This could be studied measuring the energy from the Time-of-Flight among multiple BPMs while monitoring beam loss around the dipole, where momentum halo should be lost. During the upcoming commissioning, we propose to study them by scanning the RFQ voltage.
	Slides TUA3I2 [4.465 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I2
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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TUA3I3	ESS Normal Conducting Linac Commissioning Results	118
	Y. Levinsen, M.E. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source is designed to be the world’s brightest neutron source once in operation, driven by a 5 MW proton linac. The linac consists of a normal conducting front end followed by a superconducting linac. The normal conducting part has been commissioned in several stages, with the latest stage involving all but one DTL tank now in 2023. During this commissioning period, we successfully transported a 50 us pulse of the nominal 62.5 mA beam current. We will present an overview of the commissioning results, with a focus on what we achieved in this latest stage.
	Slides TUA3I3 [31.400 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I3
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
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TUA3I4	SARAF MEBT Commissioning	123
	N. Pichoff, A. Chancé, J. Dumas, F. Gougnaud, F. Senée, D.U. Uriot CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France A. Kreisel, J. Luner, A. Perry, E. Reinfeld, R. Weiss-Babai, L. Weissman Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel
	SNRC in Israel is in the process of constructing a neutron production accelerator facility called SARAF. The facility will utilize a linac to accelerate a 5 mA CW deuteron and proton beam up to 40 MeV. In the first phase of the project, SNRC completed construction and operation of a linac (referred to as SARAF Phase I) which included an ECR ion source, a Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, and a 4-rod RFQ. The second phase of the project involves collaboration between SNRC and Irfu in France to manufacture the linac. The injector control system has been updated and the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line has been installed and integrated into the infrastructure. Recent testing and commissioning of the injector and MEBT with 5 mA CW protons and 5 mA pulsed Deuterons, completed in 2022 and 2023, will be presented and discussed. A special attention will be paid to the experimental data processing with the Bayesian inference of the parameters of a digital twin.
	Slides TUA3I4 [2.559 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I4
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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TUA3C1	Intense Highly Charged Ion Beams Operation for Heavy Ion Accelerators at IMP
	L.T. Sun, Y.C. Feng, W. Lu, C. Qian, H.W. Zhao IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	Versatile needs of nuclear sciences at IMP drives the development of heavy ion accelerators at IMP in recent years. High performance ECR ion sources are used as the injector machines to deliver highly charged heavy ion beams. For conventional coupled operation mode of HIRFL facility, one superconducting ECR ion source and one 14 GHz ECR ion source are used as the injectors to produce ion beams of C ~ U with the beam intensities of several tens to several hundred e¿A. An 18 GHz 2nd generation ECR ion source using evaporative cooling technology has been used as the injector ion source for the recently developed SSC-Linac. Heavy ion beams such as Kr, U and so on have been accelerated with this new injector linac. For the exploration of super heavy element synthesis, a SRF linac has been put in operation that is upgraded from previous CADS demo driver linac. An 18 GHz ECR ion source LECR5 has been developed for the production of medium mass ion beams with the M/Q around 3. This paper will give a general report on the highly charged ECR ion sources development and operation for the accelerators at IMP. The typical performances and challenges in the operation will be discussed.
	Slides TUA3C1 [6.529 MB]
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TUA4I1	PSI HIPA Facility: Operation and Upgrade Plans
	J. Grillenberger, M. Schneider PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The High Intensity Proton Accelerator facility (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland will celebrate its 50th year of operation in 2024. This contribution provides insights into the facility’s operational history, current status, and forthcoming upgrade strategies. At present, the focal point rests on the RF-upgrade program of the Injector 2 cyclotron. This initiative is one of the main pre-requisites for reaching a beam current of 3 mA. First results about the operation with one new 50 MHz resonator in Injector 2 will be presented.
	Slides TUA4I1 [17.318 MB]
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TUA4I2	1-MW Beam Operation at J-PARC RCS with Minimum Beam Loss	147
	P.K. Saha, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimoto JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan
	The 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC now operates at high-intensity to nearly the designed 1 MW beam. The beam loss and the corresponding residual radiation is one of the key limitations against beam intensity ramp up. Recently, by a series of beam studies and feedback from numerical simulations, we have well mitigated the beam loss to a minimum level and also reduced the beam emittances for beam operation to the spallation neutron source as well as to the main ring. The residual beam loss at the designed 1 MW beam power occurs mostly due to the unavoidable foil scattering beam loss during multi-turn injection, while other beam loss sources have been well mitigated to realize a stable and higher availability beam operation at a nearly 1 MW beam power.
	Slides TUA4I2 [2.303 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4I2
About •	Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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TUA4C1	Recent Progress in Loss Control for the ISIS High-Intensity RCS: Geodetic Modelling, Tune Control, and Optimisation	153
	H. Rafique, E.K. Bansal, H.V. Cavanagh, C.M. Warsop STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	ISIS operates a high intensity 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), accelerating up to 3 x 10¹³ protons from 70 to 800 MeV. Protons are delivered to one muon and two neutron targets over two target stations, totalling 0.2 MW of beam power, enabling around 1000 experiments for approximately 3500 users a year. Minimisation of beam loss and optimisation of its control are central to achieving the best facility performance with minimal machine activation. We summarise recent work aimed at improving loss control in the RCS. Using geodetic survey data we aim to develop lattice models with realistic magnet alignment errors in cpymad. Building on recent measurement campaigns a new and improved system of tune control has been developed and verified using enhanced lattice models with cpymad. More rigorous and quantitative measures of beam loss have been implemented in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using the QT GUI toolkit python interface PyQT5, and streaming data using the messaging protocol MQTT, in order to optimise loss control.
	Slides TUA4C1 [6.044 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4C1
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 13 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 16 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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TUA4C2	Application of Programmable Trim Quadrupoles in Beam Commissioning of CSNS/RCS	158
	Y. Li, C.D. Deng, S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China Y.W. An, X. Qi, S. Wang, Y.S. Yuan IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China H.Y. Liu IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) achieved its design power of 100 kW in 2020 and is currently stably operating at 140 kW after a series of measures. In the process of increasing beam power, 16 programmable trim quadrupoles were installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of CSNS to enable rapid variation of tunes, effective adjustment of Twiss parameters, and restoration of lattice superperiodicity through the machine cycle. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the design of the trim quadrupoles and preliminary results of the machine study. The beam experiments show that the trim quadrupoles play a crucial role in increasing beam power after exceeding 100 kW.
	Slides TUA4C2 [4.136 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4C2
About •	Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 22 October 2023
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THC1I1	SNS Upgrade and Power Ramp Up
	F.C. Pilat ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
	Funding: SNS operations and upgrade are supported by the US Department of Energy The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL is executing an upgrade that will enable the facility to ramp-up beam power from 1.4MW to ultimately 2.8MW. We executed 2 of the 3 outages needed to install the upgraded systems and we have recently successfully operated SNS at 1.7MW, a world record for SC linacs. I will discuss the operational accomplishments and the existing plans to leverage the additional power, including adding a second target station (STS), operating the existing target station at 2MW and exploring additional missions and applications for SNS.
	Slides THC1I1 [4.636 MB]
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THC1I2	FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans	351
	J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA A. Facco INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA R.E. Laxdal TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada Y. Momozaki ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661. After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration.
	Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023
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THC1I3	The Beam Commissioning of China Accelerator for Research on Superheavy Elements
	Z.J. Wang, W.L. Chen, Y. He IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements (CAFe2) is a state-of-the-art scientific facility dedicated to the synthesis and investigation of superheavy nuclei and elements. It features a full superconducting linear accelerator (linac) that comprises a Continuous Wave Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (CW RFQ), along with twenty-three Half-wave Resonator (HWR) cavities housed within four cryostats and an experimental terminal. The linac is designed to achieve an energy of 6.5 MeV/u for ion species with an A/Q ratio of approximately 1/3. CAFe2 evolved from its predecessor, CAFe, which was initially a proton demo linac for Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS). Since its upgrade in 2021, CAFe2 has conducted over 2400 hours of operation, providing heavy beams for Superheavy Element (SHE) experiments. During the presentation, the focus will be on the beam commissioning activities involving high-intensity heavy beams at CAFe2.
	Slides THC1I3 [9.466 MB]
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THC1C1	Transverse Emittance Reconstruction Along the Cycle of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator	358
	G. Russo, B. Dupuy, D. Gamba, L. Ponce CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The precise knowledge of the transverse beam emittances on the different energy plateaus of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ring is important for assessing the machine performance and beam quality. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing transverse beam profiles from scraper measurements employing the Abel transform. The proposed methodology provides a precise, reproducible and user independent way of computing the beam emittance, as well as a useful tool to qualitatively track machine performance in routine operation. As discussed in this paper, its application has already been proven crucial for the operational setting-up of the stochastic cooling and for determining the proper functioning of the electron cooling in AD. It also opens up the possibility for detailed benchmarking studies of the cooling performance in different machine and beam conditions.
	Slides THC1C1 [2.426 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1C1
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
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THAFP08	Performance of the Ion Chain at the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies During the 2023 Slip Stacking Commissioning	418
	M. Slupecki, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, M. Bozzolan, R. Bruce, C. Carli, J. Cenede, H. Damerau, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, G. Hagmann, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, G. Khatri, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, K.S.B. Li, E. Mahner, G. Papotti, G. Piccinini, A. Rey, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, A. Spierer, G. Tranquille, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Waagaard EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	The 2023 run has been decisive for the LHC Ion Injector Complex. It demonstrated the capability of producing full trains of momentum slip stacked lead ions in the SPS. Slip stacking is a technique of interleaving particle trains, reducing the bunch spacing in SPS from 100 ns to 50 ns. It is needed to reach the total ion intensity requested by the HL-LHC project, as defined by updated common LIU/HL-LHC target beam parameters. This paper reviews the lead beam characteristics across the Ion Injector Complex, including transmission efficiencies up to the SPS extraction. It also documents the difficulties found during the commissioning and the solutions put in place.
	Slides THAFP08 [1.114 MB]
	Poster THAFP08 [1.995 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP08
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THAFP09	Optimizing Beam Dynamics in LHC with Active Deep Learning	422
	D. Di Croce, T. Pieloni, M. Seidel EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland M. Giovannozzi, F.F. Van der Veken CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Krymova SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The Dynamic Aperture (DA) is an important concept for the study of non-linear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator. It refers to the region in phase space where a particle’s motion remains bounded over a given number of turns. Understanding the features of DA is crucial for operating circular accelerators as it provides insights on non-linear beam dynamics and the phenomena affecting beam lifetime. The standard approach to calculate the DA is computationally very intensive. In our study, we aim at determining an optimal set of parameters that affect DA, like betatron tune, chromaticity, and Landau octupole strengths, using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The DNN model predicts the so-called angular DA, based on simulated LHC data. To enhance its performance, we integrated the DNN model into an innovative Active Learning (AL) framework. This framework not only enables retraining and updating of the model, but also facilitates efficient data generation through smart sampling. The results demonstrate that the use of the Active Learning (AL) framework allows faster scanning of LHC ring configuration parameters without compromising the accuracy of the DA calculations.
	Slides THAFP09 [1.028 MB]
	Poster THAFP09 [6.173 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP09
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 31 October 2023
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THBP49	Collimation of 400 MJ Beams at the LHC: The First Step Towards the HL-LHC Era	603
	S. Redaelli, A. Abramov, D.B. Baillard, R. Bruce, R. Cai, F. Carra, M. D’Andrea, M. Di Castro, L. Giacomel, P.D. Hermes, B. Lindström, D. Mirarchi, N. Mounet, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo Marcone, F.F. Van der Veken CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland R. Cai EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland A. Vella University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta
	Funding: Work supported by the HL-LHC project. An important upgrade programme is planned for the collimation system of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in order to meet the challenges of the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. A first stage of the HL-LHC upgrade was already deployed during the last LHC Long Shutdown, offering important improvements of the collimation cleaning, a significant reduction of the impedance contribution and better cleaning of collisional debris, in particular for ion-ion collisions. This upgrade provides a critical opportunity to explore the LHC intensity limits during the LHC Run 3 and can provide crucial feedback to refine upgrade plans and operational scenarios in the HL-LHC era. This paper describes the performance of the upgraded LHC collimation system that has already enabled stored-beam energies larger than 400 MJ at the unprecedented beam energy of 6.8 TeV, and reviews further upgrade plans envisaged to reach 700 MJ beams at the HL-LHC.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP49
About •	Received ※ 03 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
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THBP50	Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler Operations in the Megawatt Era	607
	A.P. Schreckenberger Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Significant upgrades to Fermilab¿s accelerator complex have accompanied the development of LBNF and DUNE. These improvements will facilitate 1-MW operation of the NuMI beam for the first time this year through changes to the Recycler slip-stacking procedure and shortening of the Main Injector ramp time. The modifications to the Recycler slip-stacking and effort to reduce the Main Injector ramp time will be discussed. Additionally, details regarding further shortening of the ramp time and the impact on future accelerator operations are presented.
	Poster THBP50 [0.923 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP50
About •	Received ※ 25 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023
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THBP51	Commissioning of the RAON Linear Accelerator
	D. Jeon, J.-H. Jang, H. Jin, H.J. Kim IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
	In May 2023, the beam commissioning of the RAON superconducting linac was carried out. Beam commissioning results of the RAON linear accelerator are presented.
	Poster THBP51 [1.421 MB]
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THBP52	A Python Package to Compute Beam-Induced Heating in Particle Accelerators and Applications	611
	L. Sito, F. Giordano, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	High-energy particle beams interact electromagnetically with their surroundings when they travel inside an accelerator. These interactions may cause beam-induced heating of the accelerator’s components, which could eventually lead to outgassing, equipment degradation and physical damage. The expected beam-induced heating can be related to the beam coupling impedance, an electromagnetic property of every accelerator device. Accounting for beam-induced heating is crucial both at the design phase of an accelerator component and for gaining an understanding of devices¿ failures. In this paper, an in-house developed Python tool to compute beam-induced heating due to impedance is introduced. The different features and capabilities will be showcased and applied to real devices in the LHC and the injector chain.
	Poster THBP52 [0.544 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP52
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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THBP53	Commissioning and Operation of the Collimation System at the RCS of CSNS	615
	S.Y. Xu, J. Chen, S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China K. Zhou IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
	For high-intensity proton synchrotrons, minimizing particle losses during machine operation is essential to avoid radiation damage. Uncontrolled beam loss posed a significant challenge to achieving higher beam intensity and power for high-intensity proton synchrotrons. The beam collimation system can remove halo particles and to localize the beam loss. The use of collimation system is an important means of controlling uncontrolled beam loss in high-power proton accelerators. To reduce the uncontrolled beam loss, a transverse collimation system was designed for the RCS of CSNS. The design transverse collimator is a two-stage collimator. During the beam commissioning of CSNS, the designed two-stage collimator has been changed to one-stage collimator to overcome the problem of low collimation efficiency caused by insufficient phase shift between the primary and secondary collimators. By optimizing the collimation system, the beam loss is well localized in the collimator area, effectively reducing uncontrolled beam loss. The beam power of CSNS achieved the design value of 100 kW with small uncontrolled beam loss.
	Poster THBP53 [0.780 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP53
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
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THBP54	Synchronization of PVs From Different IOC
	M.T. Li IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Y.L. Zhang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	PVs generated from different IOCs may have different timestamps. The difference may exert a profound counter-effect during operations and beam commissioning. Then synchronizing this infomation would become a important issue. In this work we will introduce the Illusions triggered by the out-of-sync, and give some improvements.
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THBP55	Commissioning of NICA Injection Complex	618
	V.A. Lebedev, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, B.V. Golovenskiy, E.V. Gorbachev, S.A. Kostromin, K.A. Levterov, I.N. Meshkov, A.S. Sergeev, M.M. Shandov, A.O. Sidorin, V.L. Smirnov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia I. Nikolaichuk, A.Yu. Ramsdorf JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
	The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at JINR. The NICA project goal is to provide colliding beams for studies of collisions of heavy fully stripped ions and light p¿lairized ions. The NICA Collider includes two rings with 503 m circumference each and the injection complex. For the heavy ion mode, the injection complex consists of following accelerators: 3.2 MeV/u linac (HILAC), 600 MeV/u (A/Z=6) superconducting booster synchrotron (Booster) and main superconducting synchrotron (Nuclotron) with kinetic energy up to 3.9 GeV/u (A/Z=2.5). The injection complex has been under commissioning for more than 2 years. Its Run IV was carried from October 2022 to February of 2023. It was aimed on the injection complex preparation for the collider operations in the heavy ion mode. Additionally, the slowly extracted 3.9 GeV/u xenon beam was delivered to the BM&N experiment resulting in 250 million events in the detector. The paper discusses main results of the injection complex commissioning and plans for its further development. The beam commissioning of the collider is expected in the 2nd half of 2025.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP55
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
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THBP57	A Novel RF Power Source for the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source	621
	S. Masa, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, L.C. Medina, R. Miracoli, S. Varnasseri ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	This paper presents the improvements in the ESS Bilbao Proton Ion Source by replacing the amplified radio frequency (RF) pulse of a Klystron-based amplification system using a Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA). This new amplification system is based on a 1kW SSPA (2.7 GHz), a Compact-RIO (cRIO) device, a voltage-controlled RF attenuator and auxiliary electronics. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) serves as distributed control system (DCS) for controlling and monitoring the data required to achieve a 1.5 ms flat and stable pulse at repetition rate of 14 Hz. The following lines describe the structural and control system changes done in the ion source due to the addition of the SSPA-based amplification system, along with the results of the proton beam extraction tests that demonstrate how this system can serve as a viable substitute for the Klystron-based amplification system.
	Poster THBP57 [2.265 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP57
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 26 October 2023
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THBP58	Advancing Beam Energy Absorption in the Large Hadron Collider: Evolution of Beam Dumps Design and Operation From LHC Construction to High Luminosity LHC
	M. Calviani, A.P. Bernardes, C. Bracco, E.M. Farina, R. Franqueira Ximenes, D. Grenier, E. Grenier-Boley, K. Kershaw, A. Lechner, A. Perillo, N. Solieri CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Two 6-tonne beam dumps are employed to absorb the energy of the two Large Hadron Collider (LHC) intense 7 TeV/c proton beams. Originally designed to handle approximately 300 MJ of energy deposited per dump event, the capacity of these dumps has grown over the lifespan of the LHC due to upgrades aimed at enhancing the machine’s scientific potential. In the era of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the dumps will need to withstand energy absorptions of up to 700 MJ per dump. Several upgrades and interventions, such as adjustments to the outer vessel and supporting structure as well as enhancements to online instrumentation, have been executed since the initial installation of the beam dumps. In addition, significant advancements in simulation techniques have been implemented to gain a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics of high-energy beam absorption and the resulting thermo-mechanical repercussions. Lessons learnt have been acquired also thanks to a first-of-a-kind autopsy. This contribution will present a comprehensive overview of the design, operational experiences, and evolutionary journey of the main absorber within the Large Hadron Collider.
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THBP59	Tomographic Longitudinal Phase Space Reconstruction of Bunch Compression at ISIS	625
	B.S. Kyle, H.V. Cavanagh, A. Seville, R.E. Williamson STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom
	ISIS is an 800 MeV, high intensity, rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) used as a driver for a spallation neutron and muon spectroscopy (¿SR) facility. The intensity-limited beam and RCS operation at ISIS poses significant challenges, with non-adiabatic acceleration and space charge forces resulting in distortions to the Hamiltonian longitudinal dynamics. Effective modelling of the machine and benchmarking of models with beam measurements is essential both to improving machine performance, and to the development of the proposed ISIS II facility. The tomographic principle is a well-established tool for the reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space (LPS) of synchrotron beams. Is it operationally desirable for the ISIS accelerator to provide longitudinally compressed proton beams for ¿SR instrumentation. A new bunch compression scheme has been developed and validated using tomography. A reconstruction of the LPS of the ISIS high-intensity proton beam is presented, along with accompanying benchmarking measurements and beam physics simulations.
	Poster THBP59 [0.907 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP59
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 20 October 2023 — Issued ※ 25 October 2023
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FRA1I1	Status of the IOTA Proton Injector	629
	D.R. Edstrom, D.R. Broemmelsiek, K. Carlson, J.-P. Carneiro, H. Piekarz, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, A. Valishev Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This work has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility, is a beamline capable of delivering 20-mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in 2023, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further fundamental physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies in the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation.
	Slides FRA1I1 [6.466 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I1
About •	Received ※ 08 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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FRA1I2	Design and Beam Commissioning of Dual Harmonic RF System in CSNS RCS	633
	H.Y. Liu, L. Huang IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Y. Liu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China S. Wang, S.Y. Xu IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	The CSNS accelerator achieved an average beam power on target of 100 kW in February 2020 and subsequently increased it to 125 kW in March 2022. Building upon this success, CSNS plans to further enhance the average beam power to 200 kW by doubling the particle number of the circulating beam in the RCS, while keeping the injection energy same. The space charge effect is a main limit for the beam intensity increase in high-power particle accelerators. By providing a second harmonic RF cavity with a harmonic number of 4, in combination with the ferrite cavity with a harmonic number of 2, the dual harmonic RF system aims to mitigate emittance increase and beam loss caused by space charge effects, thereby optimizing the longitudinal beam distribution. This paper will concentrate on the beam commissioning for the 140 kW operation subsequent to the installation of the magnetic alloy (MA) cavity. The commissioning process includes the optimization of RF parameters, beam studies, and evaluation of the beam quality and instability.
	Slides FRA1I2 [4.086 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I2
About •	Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 27 October 2023
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FRA1C1	New Techniques Method for Improving the Performance of the ALPI Linac	638
	L. Bellan, C.O. Carletto, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, F. Grespan, M. Montis, Y.K.F. Ong, A. Pisent INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The superconductive quarter wave cavities hadron Linac ALPI is the final acceleration stage at the Legnaro National Laboratories. It can accelerate heavy ions from carbon to uranium up to 10 MeV/u for nuclear and applied physics experiments. It is also planned to use it for re-acceleration of the radioactive ion beams for the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project. In this article we will present the innovative results obtained with swarm intelligence algorithms, in simulations and measurements. In particular, the increment of the longitudinal acceptance for RIB (Radioactive Ion Beams) acceleration, and beam orbit correction without the beam first order measurements will be discussed.
	Slides FRA1C1 [1.540 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1C1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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FRA2I4	Summary of the Commissioning and Operations and Performance Working Group for HB2023 Workshop	675
	N. Milas ESS, Lund, Sweden M. Bai SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA S. Wang IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
	Summary for WGD.
	Slides FRA2I4 [11.582 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I4
About •	Received ※ 06 November 2023 — Revised ※ 09 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 November 2023 — Issued ※ 17 November 2023
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Paper

Title

Page

FRIB from Commissioning to Operation

9

P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator.

Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2

About •

Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023

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MOA1I3

Intense Beam Issues in CSNS Accelerator Beam Commissioning

16

L. Huang, H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu, X.B. Luo, J. Peng, L. Rao
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H⁻ Linac, a 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), beam transport lines, a target station, and three spectrometers. The CSNS design beam power is 100 kW, with the capability to upgrade to 500 kW. In August 2018, CSNS was officially opened to domestic and international users. By February 2020, the beam power had reached 100 kW, and through improvements such as adding harmonic cavities, the beam power was increased to 140 kW. During the beam commissioning process, the beam loss caused by space charge effects was the most significant factor limiting the increase in beam power. Additionally, unexpected collective effects were observed, including coherent oscillations of the bunches, after the beam power reached 50 kW. Through a series of measures, the space charge effects and collective instabilities causing beam loss were effectively controlled. This paper mainly introduces the strong beam effects discovered during the beam commissioning at CSNS and their suppression methods. It also briefly discusses the research on beam space charge effects and collective effects in the beam dynamics design of CSNS-II project.

Slides MOA1I3 [8.597 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I3

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

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MOA2I1

Beam Commissioning of the J-PARC Mr After Its High-Repetition Rate Upgrade

Y. Sato, H. Hotchi
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

At the J-PARC MR, a project to increase beam power with faster repetition rates is currently underway. With large-scale hardware upgrades in Jul. 2021 to Jun. 2022, the MR operation cycle for the fast extraction mode has been shortened from 2.48 s to 1.36 s, and beam commissioning at this operation cycle is in progress now. The MR first aims to achieve a beam power of >750 kW at this operation cycle, and then finally 1.3 MW by further shortening the operation cycle to 1.16 s and with a higher beam intensity of 3.3 x 10¹⁴ ppp. This paper describes the beam commissioning status including the future prospect.

Slides MOA2I1 [8.270 MB]

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MOA3I2

Accelerator Challenges in the Fermilab Neutrino Program

J.S. Eldred
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

In Fermilab’s 2022-2023 proton complex run, Fermilab recovered from an unexpected failure in the neutrino focusing horn to achieve a record beam power of 960 kW. For Snowmass and P5, Fermilab recently proposed a new upgrade plan known as Accelerator Complex Evolution (ACE) to occur after PIP-II upgrade in tandem with DUNE/LBNF operation. The first phase of ACE, is the ACE Main Injector Ramp and Targetry upgrade, would raise the LBNF beam power from 1.2 MW to 2 MW by shortening the Main Injector cycle time to around 0.65s. The second phase of ACE, the ACE Booster Replacement, would replace the Booster with a new machine and achieve 2.4 MW for DUNE/LBNF. The core accelerator challenges, present and future, for operating intense neutrino beams at Fermilab will be highlighted.

Slides MOA3I2 [4.467 MB]

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TUA3I1

SPIRAL2 Commissioning and Operations

106

A.K. Orduz, M. Di Giacomo, J.-M. Lagniel, G. Normand
GANIL, Caen, France
D.U. Uriot
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France

The SPIRAL2 linac is now successfully commissioned; H⁺, 4He2+, D⁺ and 18O6+ have been accelerated up to nominal parameters and 18O7+ and 40Ar14+ beams have been also accelerated up to 7 MeV/A. The main steps with 5 mA H⁺, D⁺ beams and with 0.6 mA 18O6+ are described. The general results of the commissioning of the RF, cryogenic and diagnostics systems, as well as the preliminary results of the first experiments on NFS are presented. In addition of an improvement of the matching to the linac, the tuning procedures of the 3 Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) rebunchers and 26 linac SC cavities were progressively improved to reach the nominal parameters in operation, starting from the classical ¿signature matching method¿. The different cavity tuning methods developed to take into account our particular situation (very low energy and large phase extension) are described. The tools developed for an efficient linac tuning in operation, e.g. beam energy and intensity changes are also discussed.

Slides TUA3I1 [9.358 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I1

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

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TUA3I2

Measurements of Momentum Halo Due to the Reduced RFQ Voltage During the LIPAc Beam Commissioning

112

K. Hirosawa, A. De Franco, K. Hasegawa, K. Kondo, S. Kwon, K. Masuda, A. Mizuno, M. Sugimoto
QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan
F. Bénédetti
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
Y. Carin, H. Dzitko, D. Gex, I. Moya, F. Scantamburlo
F4E, Germany
J.C. Morales Vega
Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain
I. Podadera
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain

The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator, LIPAc, is being commissioned aiming in particular at validating the RFQ up to 5MeV beam acceleration. Eventually, the nominal beam of 5 MeV-125 mA in 1 ms/1 Hz pulsed mode was achieved in 2019. The beam operation has been resumed since July 2023 after long maintenance including recovery from unexpected problems in the RFQ RF system. This new phase aims at the commissioning of the full configuration except SRF linac, which is replaced by a temporary beam transport line. Focusing on the RFQ behavior, it will be interesting to operate it at higher duty especially for longer pulses. Indeed, a beam simulation study suggested that the beam extracted from the RFQ includes considerable momentum halo when the RFQ voltage reduces by a few percent, with a slight decrease of mean energy. It can be a potential source of quench like the mismatched beam in the cryomodule. This could be studied measuring the energy from the Time-of-Flight among multiple BPMs while monitoring beam loss around the dipole, where momentum halo should be lost. During the upcoming commissioning, we propose to study them by scanning the RFQ voltage.

Slides TUA3I2 [4.465 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I2

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023

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TUA3I3

ESS Normal Conducting Linac Commissioning Results

118

Y. Levinsen, M.E. Eshraqi, N. Milas, R. Miyamoto, D. Noll
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source is designed to be the world’s brightest neutron source once in operation, driven by a 5 MW proton linac. The linac consists of a normal conducting front end followed by a superconducting linac. The normal conducting part has been commissioned in several stages, with the latest stage involving all but one DTL tank now in 2023. During this commissioning period, we successfully transported a 50 us pulse of the nominal 62.5 mA beam current. We will present an overview of the commissioning results, with a focus on what we achieved in this latest stage.

Slides TUA3I3 [31.400 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I3

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Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 13 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023

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TUA3I4

SARAF MEBT Commissioning

123

N. Pichoff, A. Chancé, J. Dumas, F. Gougnaud, F. Senée, D.U. Uriot
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
A. Kreisel, J. Luner, A. Perry, E. Reinfeld, R. Weiss-Babai, L. Weissman
Soreq NRC, Yavne, Israel

SNRC in Israel is in the process of constructing a neutron production accelerator facility called SARAF. The facility will utilize a linac to accelerate a 5 mA CW deuteron and proton beam up to 40 MeV. In the first phase of the project, SNRC completed construction and operation of a linac (referred to as SARAF Phase I) which included an ECR ion source, a Low-Energy Beam Transport (LEBT) line, and a 4-rod RFQ. The second phase of the project involves collaboration between SNRC and Irfu in France to manufacture the linac. The injector control system has been updated and the Medium Energy Beam Transport (MEBT) line has been installed and integrated into the infrastructure. Recent testing and commissioning of the injector and MEBT with 5 mA CW protons and 5 mA pulsed Deuterons, completed in 2022 and 2023, will be presented and discussed. A special attention will be paid to the experimental data processing with the Bayesian inference of the parameters of a digital twin.

Slides TUA3I4 [2.559 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA3I4

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Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023

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TUA3C1

Intense Highly Charged Ion Beams Operation for Heavy Ion Accelerators at IMP

L.T. Sun, Y.C. Feng, W. Lu, C. Qian, H.W. Zhao
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

Versatile needs of nuclear sciences at IMP drives the development of heavy ion accelerators at IMP in recent years. High performance ECR ion sources are used as the injector machines to deliver highly charged heavy ion beams. For conventional coupled operation mode of HIRFL facility, one superconducting ECR ion source and one 14 GHz ECR ion source are used as the injectors to produce ion beams of C ~ U with the beam intensities of several tens to several hundred e¿A. An 18 GHz 2nd generation ECR ion source using evaporative cooling technology has been used as the injector ion source for the recently developed SSC-Linac. Heavy ion beams such as Kr, U and so on have been accelerated with this new injector linac. For the exploration of super heavy element synthesis, a SRF linac has been put in operation that is upgraded from previous CADS demo driver linac. An 18 GHz ECR ion source LECR5 has been developed for the production of medium mass ion beams with the M/Q around 3. This paper will give a general report on the highly charged ECR ion sources development and operation for the accelerators at IMP. The typical performances and challenges in the operation will be discussed.

Slides TUA3C1 [6.529 MB]

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TUA4I1

PSI HIPA Facility: Operation and Upgrade Plans

J. Grillenberger, M. Schneider
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The High Intensity Proton Accelerator facility (HIPA) at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland will celebrate its 50th year of operation in 2024. This contribution provides insights into the facility’s operational history, current status, and forthcoming upgrade strategies. At present, the focal point rests on the RF-upgrade program of the Injector 2 cyclotron. This initiative is one of the main pre-requisites for reaching a beam current of 3 mA. First results about the operation with one new 50 MHz resonator in Injector 2 will be presented.

Slides TUA4I1 [17.318 MB]

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TUA4I2

1-MW Beam Operation at J-PARC RCS with Minimum Beam Loss

147

P.K. Saha, H. Harada, H. Hotchi, K. Okabe, H. Okita, Y. Shobuda, F. Tamura, K. Yamamoto, M. Yoshimoto
JAEA/J-PARC, Tokai-Mura, Naka-Gun, Ibaraki-Ken, Japan

The 3-GeV RCS of J-PARC now operates at high-intensity to nearly the designed 1 MW beam. The beam loss and the corresponding residual radiation is one of the key limitations against beam intensity ramp up. Recently, by a series of beam studies and feedback from numerical simulations, we have well mitigated the beam loss to a minimum level and also reduced the beam emittances for beam operation to the spallation neutron source as well as to the main ring. The residual beam loss at the designed 1 MW beam power occurs mostly due to the unavoidable foil scattering beam loss during multi-turn injection, while other beam loss sources have been well mitigated to realize a stable and higher availability beam operation at a nearly 1 MW beam power.

Slides TUA4I2 [2.303 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4I2

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Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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TUA4C1

Recent Progress in Loss Control for the ISIS High-Intensity RCS: Geodetic Modelling, Tune Control, and Optimisation

153

H. Rafique, E.K. Bansal, H.V. Cavanagh, C.M. Warsop
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

ISIS operates a high intensity 50 Hz rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS), accelerating up to 3 x 10¹³ protons from 70 to 800 MeV. Protons are delivered to one muon and two neutron targets over two target stations, totalling 0.2 MW of beam power, enabling around 1000 experiments for approximately 3500 users a year. Minimisation of beam loss and optimisation of its control are central to achieving the best facility performance with minimal machine activation. We summarise recent work aimed at improving loss control in the RCS. Using geodetic survey data we aim to develop lattice models with realistic magnet alignment errors in cpymad. Building on recent measurement campaigns a new and improved system of tune control has been developed and verified using enhanced lattice models with cpymad. More rigorous and quantitative measures of beam loss have been implemented in graphical user interfaces (GUIs) using the QT GUI toolkit python interface PyQT5, and streaming data using the messaging protocol MQTT, in order to optimise loss control.

Slides TUA4C1 [6.044 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4C1

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Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 13 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 16 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023

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TUA4C2

Application of Programmable Trim Quadrupoles in Beam Commissioning of CSNS/RCS

158

Y. Li, C.D. Deng, S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
Y.W. An, X. Qi, S. Wang, Y.S. Yuan
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
H.Y. Liu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) achieved its design power of 100 kW in 2020 and is currently stably operating at 140 kW after a series of measures. In the process of increasing beam power, 16 programmable trim quadrupoles were installed in the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of CSNS to enable rapid variation of tunes, effective adjustment of Twiss parameters, and restoration of lattice superperiodicity through the machine cycle. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the design of the trim quadrupoles and preliminary results of the machine study. The beam experiments show that the trim quadrupoles play a crucial role in increasing beam power after exceeding 100 kW.

Slides TUA4C2 [4.136 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-TUA4C2

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Received ※ 27 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 22 October 2023

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THC1I1

SNS Upgrade and Power Ramp Up

F.C. Pilat
ORNL, Oak Ridge, TN, USA

Funding: SNS operations and upgrade are supported by the US Department of Energy
The Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at ORNL is executing an upgrade that will enable the facility to ramp-up beam power from 1.4MW to ultimately 2.8MW. We executed 2 of the 3 outages needed to install the upgraded systems and we have recently successfully operated SNS at 1.7MW, a world record for SC linacs. I will discuss the operational accomplishments and the existing plans to leverage the additional power, including adding a second target station (STS), operating the existing target station at 2MW and exploring additional missions and applications for SNS.

Slides THC1I1 [4.636 MB]

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THC1I2

FRIB Beam Power Ramp-up: Status and Plans

351

J. Wei, C. Alleman, H. Ao, B. Arend, D.J. Barofsky, S. Beher, G. Bollen, N.K. Bultman, F. Casagrande, W. Chang, Y. Choi, S. Cogan, P. Cole, C. Compton, M. Cortesi, J.C. Curtin, K.D. Davidson, X.J. Du, K. Elliott, B. Ewert, A. Facco, A. Fila, K. Fukushima, V. Ganni, A. Ganshyn, T.N. Ginter, T. Glasmacher, J.W. Guo, Y. Hao, W. Hartung, N.M. Hasan, M. Hausmann, K. Holland, H.-C. Hseuh, M. Ikegami, D.D. Jager, S. Jones, N. Joseph, T. Kanemura, S.H. Kim, C. Knowles, T. Konomi, B.R. Kortum, N.V. Kulkarni, E. Kwan, T. Lange, M. Larmann, T.L. Larter, K. Laturkar, R.E. Laxdal, J. LeTourneau, S.M. Lidia, G. Machicoane, C. Magsig, P.E. Manwiller, F. Marti, T. Maruta, E.S. Metzgar, S.J. Miller, Y. Momozaki, D.G. Morris, M. Mugerian, I.N. Nesterenko, C. Nguyen, P.N. Ostroumov, M.S. Patil, A.S. Plastun, L. Popielarski, M. Portillo, A.L. Powers, J. Priller, X. Rao, M.A. Reaume, S.N. Rogers, K. Saito, B.M. Sherrill, M.K. Smith, J. Song, M. Steiner, A. Stolz, O. Tarasov, B.P. Tousignant, R. Walker, X. Wang, J.D. Wenstrom, G. West, K. Witgen, M. Wright, Y. Yamazaki, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao, S. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
A. Facco
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
R.E. Laxdal
TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada
Y. Momozaki
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
S.O. Prestemon, T. Shen
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661.
After project completion on scope, on cost, and ahead of schedule, the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams began operations for scientific users in May of 2022. The ramp-up to a beam power of 400 kW is planned over a six-year period; 1 kW was delivered for initial user runs from in 2022, and 5 kW was delivered as of February 2023. Test runs with 10 kW 36Ar and 48Ca beams were conducted in July 2023. Upgrade plans include doubling the primary-beam energy to 400 MeV/nucleon for enhanced discovery potential (¿FRIB 400¿). This talk reports on the strategic plans towards high power operations emphasizing challenges and resolutions in beam-interception devices and targetry systems, radiation protection and controls, and legacy system renovation and integration.

Slides THC1I2 [4.065 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1I2

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 30 October 2023

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THC1I3

The Beam Commissioning of China Accelerator for Research on Superheavy Elements

Z.J. Wang, W.L. Chen, Y. He
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements (CAFe2) is a state-of-the-art scientific facility dedicated to the synthesis and investigation of superheavy nuclei and elements. It features a full superconducting linear accelerator (linac) that comprises a Continuous Wave Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (CW RFQ), along with twenty-three Half-wave Resonator (HWR) cavities housed within four cryostats and an experimental terminal. The linac is designed to achieve an energy of 6.5 MeV/u for ion species with an A/Q ratio of approximately 1/3. CAFe2 evolved from its predecessor, CAFe, which was initially a proton demo linac for Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS). Since its upgrade in 2021, CAFe2 has conducted over 2400 hours of operation, providing heavy beams for Superheavy Element (SHE) experiments. During the presentation, the focus will be on the beam commissioning activities involving high-intensity heavy beams at CAFe2.

Slides THC1I3 [9.466 MB]

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THC1C1

Transverse Emittance Reconstruction Along the Cycle of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator

358

G. Russo, B. Dupuy, D. Gamba, L. Ponce
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The precise knowledge of the transverse beam emittances on the different energy plateaus of the CERN Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ring is important for assessing the machine performance and beam quality. This paper presents a methodology for reconstructing transverse beam profiles from scraper measurements employing the Abel transform. The proposed methodology provides a precise, reproducible and user independent way of computing the beam emittance, as well as a useful tool to qualitatively track machine performance in routine operation. As discussed in this paper, its application has already been proven crucial for the operational setting-up of the stochastic cooling and for determining the proper functioning of the electron cooling in AD. It also opens up the possibility for detailed benchmarking studies of the cooling performance in different machine and beam conditions.

Slides THC1C1 [2.426 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC1C1

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Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023

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THAFP08

Performance of the Ion Chain at the CERN Injector Complex and Transmission Studies During the 2023 Slip Stacking Commissioning

418

M. Slupecki, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, T. Argyropoulos, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, M. Bozzolan, R. Bruce, C. Carli, J. Cenede, H. Damerau, A. Frassier, D. Gamba, G. Hagmann, A. Huschauer, V. Kain, G. Khatri, D. Küchler, A. Lasheen, K.S.B. Li, E. Mahner, G. Papotti, G. Piccinini, A. Rey, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, A. Spierer, G. Tranquille, D. Valuch, F.M. Velotti, R. Wegner
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Waagaard
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The 2023 run has been decisive for the LHC Ion Injector Complex. It demonstrated the capability of producing full trains of momentum slip stacked lead ions in the SPS. Slip stacking is a technique of interleaving particle trains, reducing the bunch spacing in SPS from 100 ns to 50 ns. It is needed to reach the total ion intensity requested by the HL-LHC project, as defined by updated common LIU/HL-LHC target beam parameters. This paper reviews the lead beam characteristics across the Ion Injector Complex, including transmission efficiencies up to the SPS extraction. It also documents the difficulties found during the commissioning and the solutions put in place.

Slides THAFP08 [1.114 MB]

Poster THAFP08 [1.995 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP08

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THAFP09

Optimizing Beam Dynamics in LHC with Active Deep Learning

422

D. Di Croce, T. Pieloni, M. Seidel
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Giovannozzi, F.F. Van der Veken
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Krymova
SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The Dynamic Aperture (DA) is an important concept for the study of non-linear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator. It refers to the region in phase space where a particle’s motion remains bounded over a given number of turns. Understanding the features of DA is crucial for operating circular accelerators as it provides insights on non-linear beam dynamics and the phenomena affecting beam lifetime. The standard approach to calculate the DA is computationally very intensive. In our study, we aim at determining an optimal set of parameters that affect DA, like betatron tune, chromaticity, and Landau octupole strengths, using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The DNN model predicts the so-called angular DA, based on simulated LHC data. To enhance its performance, we integrated the DNN model into an innovative Active Learning (AL) framework. This framework not only enables retraining and updating of the model, but also facilitates efficient data generation through smart sampling. The results demonstrate that the use of the Active Learning (AL) framework allows faster scanning of LHC ring configuration parameters without compromising the accuracy of the DA calculations.

Slides THAFP09 [1.028 MB]

Poster THAFP09 [6.173 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP09

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 31 October 2023

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THBP49

Collimation of 400 MJ Beams at the LHC: The First Step Towards the HL-LHC Era

603

S. Redaelli, A. Abramov, D.B. Baillard, R. Bruce, R. Cai, F. Carra, M. D’Andrea, M. Di Castro, L. Giacomel, P.D. Hermes, B. Lindström, D. Mirarchi, N. Mounet, F.-X. Nuiry, A. Perillo Marcone, F.F. Van der Veken
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
R. Cai
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
A. Vella
University of Malta, Information and Communication Technology, Msida, Malta

Funding: Work supported by the HL-LHC project.
An important upgrade programme is planned for the collimation system of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in order to meet the challenges of the upcoming High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project. A first stage of the HL-LHC upgrade was already deployed during the last LHC Long Shutdown, offering important improvements of the collimation cleaning, a significant reduction of the impedance contribution and better cleaning of collisional debris, in particular for ion-ion collisions. This upgrade provides a critical opportunity to explore the LHC intensity limits during the LHC Run 3 and can provide crucial feedback to refine upgrade plans and operational scenarios in the HL-LHC era. This paper describes the performance of the upgraded LHC collimation system that has already enabled stored-beam energies larger than 400 MJ at the unprecedented beam energy of 6.8 TeV, and reviews further upgrade plans envisaged to reach 700 MJ beams at the HL-LHC.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP49

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Received ※ 03 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023

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THBP50

Fermilab Main Injector and Recycler Operations in the Megawatt Era

607

A.P. Schreckenberger
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Significant upgrades to Fermilab¿s accelerator complex have accompanied the development of LBNF and DUNE. These improvements will facilitate 1-MW operation of the NuMI beam for the first time this year through changes to the Recycler slip-stacking procedure and shortening of the Main Injector ramp time. The modifications to the Recycler slip-stacking and effort to reduce the Main Injector ramp time will be discussed. Additionally, details regarding further shortening of the ramp time and the impact on future accelerator operations are presented.

Poster THBP50 [0.923 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP50

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Received ※ 25 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023

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THBP51

Commissioning of the RAON Linear Accelerator

D. Jeon, J.-H. Jang, H. Jin, H.J. Kim
IBS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

In May 2023, the beam commissioning of the RAON superconducting linac was carried out. Beam commissioning results of the RAON linear accelerator are presented.

Poster THBP51 [1.421 MB]

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THBP52

A Python Package to Compute Beam-Induced Heating in Particle Accelerators and Applications

611

L. Sito, F. Giordano, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

High-energy particle beams interact electromagnetically with their surroundings when they travel inside an accelerator. These interactions may cause beam-induced heating of the accelerator’s components, which could eventually lead to outgassing, equipment degradation and physical damage. The expected beam-induced heating can be related to the beam coupling impedance, an electromagnetic property of every accelerator device. Accounting for beam-induced heating is crucial both at the design phase of an accelerator component and for gaining an understanding of devices¿ failures. In this paper, an in-house developed Python tool to compute beam-induced heating due to impedance is introduced. The different features and capabilities will be showcased and applied to real devices in the LHC and the injector chain.

Poster THBP52 [0.544 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP52

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

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THBP53

Commissioning and Operation of the Collimation System at the RCS of CSNS

615

S.Y. Xu, J. Chen, S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
K. Zhou
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China

For high-intensity proton synchrotrons, minimizing particle losses during machine operation is essential to avoid radiation damage. Uncontrolled beam loss posed a significant challenge to achieving higher beam intensity and power for high-intensity proton synchrotrons. The beam collimation system can remove halo particles and to localize the beam loss. The use of collimation system is an important means of controlling uncontrolled beam loss in high-power proton accelerators. To reduce the uncontrolled beam loss, a transverse collimation system was designed for the RCS of CSNS. The design transverse collimator is a two-stage collimator. During the beam commissioning of CSNS, the designed two-stage collimator has been changed to one-stage collimator to overcome the problem of low collimation efficiency caused by insufficient phase shift between the primary and secondary collimators. By optimizing the collimation system, the beam loss is well localized in the collimator area, effectively reducing uncontrolled beam loss. The beam power of CSNS achieved the design value of 100 kW with small uncontrolled beam loss.

Poster THBP53 [0.780 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP53

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Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023

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THBP54

Synchronization of PVs From Different IOC

M.T. Li
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Y.L. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

PVs generated from different IOCs may have different timestamps. The difference may exert a profound counter-effect during operations and beam commissioning. Then synchronizing this infomation would become a important issue. In this work we will introduce the Illusions triggered by the out-of-sync, and give some improvements.

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THBP55

Commissioning of NICA Injection Complex

618

V.A. Lebedev, O.I. Brovko, A.V. Butenko, E.E. Donets, B.V. Golovenskiy, E.V. Gorbachev, S.A. Kostromin, K.A. Levterov, I.N. Meshkov, A.S. Sergeev, M.M. Shandov, A.O. Sidorin, V.L. Smirnov, E. Syresin, A. Tuzikov
JINR, Dubna, Moscow Region, Russia
I. Nikolaichuk, A.Yu. Ramsdorf
JINR/VBLHEP, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia

The Nuclotron-based Ion Collider fAcility (NICA) is under construction at JINR. The NICA project goal is to provide colliding beams for studies of collisions of heavy fully stripped ions and light p¿lairized ions. The NICA Collider includes two rings with 503 m circumference each and the injection complex. For the heavy ion mode, the injection complex consists of following accelerators: 3.2 MeV/u linac (HILAC), 600 MeV/u (A/Z=6) superconducting booster synchrotron (Booster) and main superconducting synchrotron (Nuclotron) with kinetic energy up to 3.9 GeV/u (A/Z=2.5). The injection complex has been under commissioning for more than 2 years. Its Run IV was carried from October 2022 to February of 2023. It was aimed on the injection complex preparation for the collider operations in the heavy ion mode. Additionally, the slowly extracted 3.9 GeV/u xenon beam was delivered to the BM&N experiment resulting in 250 million events in the detector. The paper discusses main results of the injection complex commissioning and plans for its further development. The beam commissioning of the collider is expected in the 2nd half of 2025.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP55

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Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023

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THBP57

A Novel RF Power Source for the ESS-Bilbao Ion Source

621

S. Masa, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, A. Kaftoosian, L.C. Medina, R. Miracoli, S. Varnasseri
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

This paper presents the improvements in the ESS Bilbao Proton Ion Source by replacing the amplified radio frequency (RF) pulse of a Klystron-based amplification system using a Solid-State Power Amplifier (SSPA). This new amplification system is based on a 1kW SSPA (2.7 GHz), a Compact-RIO (cRIO) device, a voltage-controlled RF attenuator and auxiliary electronics. The Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) serves as distributed control system (DCS) for controlling and monitoring the data required to achieve a 1.5 ms flat and stable pulse at repetition rate of 14 Hz. The following lines describe the structural and control system changes done in the ion source due to the addition of the SSPA-based amplification system, along with the results of the proton beam extraction tests that demonstrate how this system can serve as a viable substitute for the Klystron-based amplification system.

Poster THBP57 [2.265 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP57

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Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 26 October 2023

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THBP58

Advancing Beam Energy Absorption in the Large Hadron Collider: Evolution of Beam Dumps Design and Operation From LHC Construction to High Luminosity LHC

M. Calviani, A.P. Bernardes, C. Bracco, E.M. Farina, R. Franqueira Ximenes, D. Grenier, E. Grenier-Boley, K. Kershaw, A. Lechner, A. Perillo, N. Solieri
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Two 6-tonne beam dumps are employed to absorb the energy of the two Large Hadron Collider (LHC) intense 7 TeV/c proton beams. Originally designed to handle approximately 300 MJ of energy deposited per dump event, the capacity of these dumps has grown over the lifespan of the LHC due to upgrades aimed at enhancing the machine’s scientific potential. In the era of the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), the dumps will need to withstand energy absorptions of up to 700 MJ per dump. Several upgrades and interventions, such as adjustments to the outer vessel and supporting structure as well as enhancements to online instrumentation, have been executed since the initial installation of the beam dumps. In addition, significant advancements in simulation techniques have been implemented to gain a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics of high-energy beam absorption and the resulting thermo-mechanical repercussions. Lessons learnt have been acquired also thanks to a first-of-a-kind autopsy. This contribution will present a comprehensive overview of the design, operational experiences, and evolutionary journey of the main absorber within the Large Hadron Collider.

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THBP59

Tomographic Longitudinal Phase Space Reconstruction of Bunch Compression at ISIS

625

B.S. Kyle, H.V. Cavanagh, A. Seville, R.E. Williamson
STFC/RAL/ISIS, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, United Kingdom

ISIS is an 800 MeV, high intensity, rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS) used as a driver for a spallation neutron and muon spectroscopy (¿SR) facility. The intensity-limited beam and RCS operation at ISIS poses significant challenges, with non-adiabatic acceleration and space charge forces resulting in distortions to the Hamiltonian longitudinal dynamics. Effective modelling of the machine and benchmarking of models with beam measurements is essential both to improving machine performance, and to the development of the proposed ISIS II facility. The tomographic principle is a well-established tool for the reconstruction of the longitudinal phase space (LPS) of synchrotron beams. Is it operationally desirable for the ISIS accelerator to provide longitudinally compressed proton beams for ¿SR instrumentation. A new bunch compression scheme has been developed and validated using tomography. A reconstruction of the LPS of the ISIS high-intensity proton beam is presented, along with accompanying benchmarking measurements and beam physics simulations.

Poster THBP59 [0.907 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP59

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 20 October 2023 — Issued ※ 25 October 2023

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FRA1I1

Status of the IOTA Proton Injector

629

D.R. Edstrom, D.R. Broemmelsiek, K. Carlson, J.-P. Carneiro, H. Piekarz, A.L. Romanov, A.V. Shemyakin, A. Valishev
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This work has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
The IOTA Proton Injector (IPI), currently under installation at the Fermilab Accelerator Science and Technology facility, is a beamline capable of delivering 20-mA pulses of protons at 2.5 MeV to the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) ring. First beam in the IPI beamline is anticipated in 2023, when it will operate alongside the existing electron injector beamline to facilitate further fundamental physics research and continued development of novel accelerator technologies in the IOTA ring. This report details the expected operational profile, known challenges, and the current state of installation.

Slides FRA1I1 [6.466 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I1

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Received ※ 08 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

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FRA1I2

Design and Beam Commissioning of Dual Harmonic RF System in CSNS RCS

633

H.Y. Liu, L. Huang
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Y. Liu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
S. Wang, S.Y. Xu
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

The CSNS accelerator achieved an average beam power on target of 100 kW in February 2020 and subsequently increased it to 125 kW in March 2022. Building upon this success, CSNS plans to further enhance the average beam power to 200 kW by doubling the particle number of the circulating beam in the RCS, while keeping the injection energy same. The space charge effect is a main limit for the beam intensity increase in high-power particle accelerators. By providing a second harmonic RF cavity with a harmonic number of 4, in combination with the ferrite cavity with a harmonic number of 2, the dual harmonic RF system aims to mitigate emittance increase and beam loss caused by space charge effects, thereby optimizing the longitudinal beam distribution. This paper will concentrate on the beam commissioning for the 140 kW operation subsequent to the installation of the magnetic alloy (MA) cavity. The commissioning process includes the optimization of RF parameters, beam studies, and evaluation of the beam quality and instability.

Slides FRA1I2 [4.086 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1I2

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Received ※ 30 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 27 October 2023

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FRA1C1

New Techniques Method for Improving the Performance of the ALPI Linac

638

L. Bellan, C.O. Carletto, M. Comunian, E. Fagotti, M.G. Giacchini, F. Grespan, M. Montis, Y.K.F. Ong, A. Pisent
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The superconductive quarter wave cavities hadron Linac ALPI is the final acceleration stage at the Legnaro National Laboratories. It can accelerate heavy ions from carbon to uranium up to 10 MeV/u for nuclear and applied physics experiments. It is also planned to use it for re-acceleration of the radioactive ion beams for the SPES (Selective Production of Exotic Species) project. In this article we will present the innovative results obtained with swarm intelligence algorithms, in simulations and measurements. In particular, the increment of the longitudinal acceptance for RIB (Radioactive Ion Beams) acceleration, and beam orbit correction without the beam first order measurements will be discussed.

Slides FRA1C1 [1.540 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA1C1

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

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FRA2I4

Summary of the Commissioning and Operations and Performance Working Group for HB2023 Workshop

675

N. Milas
ESS, Lund, Sweden
M. Bai
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
S. Wang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

Summary for WGD.

Slides FRA2I4 [11.582 MB]

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reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I4

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Received ※ 06 November 2023 — Revised ※ 09 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 17 November 2023 — Issued ※ 17 November 2023

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