HB2023 - Classification: Beam Instrumentation and Interaction Devices

Paper	Title	Page
MOA3I3	High-Power Targetry and the IMPACT Initiative at Paul Scherrer Institute	30
	D.C. Kiselev PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The main challenges to operate a high-power target are dissipation of the heat and radiation damage. The latter refers to the damage of the material. Since the breakdown of the material depends on the operation temperature and other conditions, like the material treatment before irradiation, it is difficult to predict. To reduce failures, target operation parameters and beam properties have to be monitored carefully. After the failure of the neutron spallation target (SINQ) in 2016, several improvements in the HIPA (High intensity Proton Accelerator) beam line at PSI and the target installation were implemented. However, MW beams are not a prerequisite for the need of high power targets. This is the case at one of the two new target stations within the IMPACT initiative at PSI. One target station will produce radionuclides for research in cancer therapy, while the other will improve the surface muon rate by a factor of 100 for experiments in particle and material physics. In this presentation, strategies for successful operation of high-power targets are shown. Furthermore, the IMPACT initiative at PSI, with focus on the two planned target stations, will be presented.
	Slides MOA3I3 [4.909 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I3
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 20 October 2023
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WEC1I1	Radiation Hardened Beam Instrumentations for Multi-Mega-Watt Beam Facilities	199
	K. Yonehara Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	A beam instrumentation is an essential element to successfully operate an accelerator machine in which various diagnostic and beam control system are integrated. However, the beam instrumentation performance is often constrained by a prompt radiation dose, integrated radiation dose, operation (ambient) temperature and humidity, available space, and strength of embedded electromagnetic fields at the monitor. These constraints will limit the dynamic range of operational beam parameters, like the maximum achievable beam power. A seamless R&D effort to develop the radiation hardened beam instrumentations has been made for future multi-MW beam facilities. In this presentation, I will show a major beam facility and beam instrumentation which runs or plans a MW beam operation in the near future.
	Slides WEC1I1 [2.739 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1I1
About •	Received ※ 20 October 2023 — Revised ※ 23 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 January 2024
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WEC1I2	Beam Diagnosis and Soundness Check System for Neutrino Production Targets
	M.L. Friend KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
	Conventional neutrino beamlines require a high-intensity, high-energy proton beam incident on a fixed neutrino production target. Under these severe conditions, a robust beam diagnostics system is essential for ensuring safe and stable operation of the proton and neutrino beams. In this contribution, primary and secondary beam diagnostics commonly used in neutrino beamlines will be reviewed, including an overview of some systems currently in use.
	Slides WEC1I2 [24.607 MB]
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WEC1C1	Improvement Design of a Beam Current Monitor Based on a Passive Cavity Under Heavy Heat Load and Radiation	205
	P.-A. Duperrex, J.E. Bachmann, M. Rohrer, J.L. Sun PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The High Intensity Proton Accelerator at PSI delivers a continuous proton beam of up to 2.4 mA with a maximum energy of 590 MeV to two meson production targets, M and E, and then to the spallation target. Eight meters downstream from the target E located a beam current monitor MHC5, which endure intensive scattered particles from Target E and cause large temperature variation, further induce operation and calibration problems. To address these issues, a graphite monitor was designed to replace the older aluminum one. Based on years of operation experiences of this graphite cavity, improvement design has been also considered, including beam positon pickups refinement, on-line calibration methods implementation, as well as manipulation maintenance issues. Detailed aspects of the performance of the monitor and its improvement design will be presented in this paper.
	Slides WEC1C1 [4.024 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 16 October 2023
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WEC1C2	Challenges of Target and Irradiation Diagnostics of the IFMIF-DONES Facility	210
	C. Torregrosa, J. Maestre, A. Roldán, J. Valenzuela, I. Álvarez Castro UGR, Granada, Spain F. Arbeiter, Y.F. Qiu KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany S. Becerril-Jarque, A. Ibarra, I. Podadera Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain B. Brenneis Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany L. Buligins IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia J. Castellanos Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain N. Chauvin CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France S. Fiore CERN, GENEVA, Switzerland D. Jimenez-Rey, F. Mota, C. Oliver, D. Regidor, C. de la Morena CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain J. Martínez, P. Matia-Hernando, T. Siegel ASE Optics, El Prat De Llobregat, Spain F.S. Nitti ENEA Brasimone, Centro Ricerche Brasimone, Camugnano, BO, Italy T. Tadic RBI, Zagreb, Croatia U. Wiacek IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland
	Funding: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme Grant Agreement No 101052200 EUROfusion IFMIF-DONES will be a first-class scientific infrastructure consisting of an accelerator-driven neutron source delivering 1e17 n/s with a broad peak at 14 MeV. Such neutron flux will be created by impinging a continuous wave 125 mA, 40 MeV, 5 MW deuteron beam onto a liquid Li jet target, circulating at 15 m/s. Material specimens subjected to neutron irradiation will be placed a few millimeters downstream. Some of the most challenging technological aspects of the facility are the Diagnostics to monitor the Li jet, beam parameters on target, and characterization of the neutron irradiation field, with transversal implications in the scientific exploitation, machine protection and safety. Multiple solutions are foreseen, considering among others, Li jet thickness measurement methods based on optical metrology and millimeter-wave radar techniques, Li electromagnetic flowmeters, beam footprint measurements based on residual gas excitation, online neutron detectors such as SPNDs and micro-fission chambers, as well as offline neutron fluence measurements by activation foils or spheres. This contribution provides an overview of these aspects and the associated R&D activities.
	Slides WEC1C2 [4.676 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C2
About •	Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023
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WEC2I1	Beam Intercepting Device Challenges for High Intensity Accelerators - a Global Perspective
	A. Perillo Marcone CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	Several beam intercepting devices (BID) are used in particle accelerators for different functions: machine protection (stopping the beam in accidental scenarios), human safety , beam conditioning (e.g. collimators, scrapers, slits), secondary beam production (targets) and absorbers (beam dumps). Since these devices are found in accelerators with a broad range of beam energies and particle types, a large diversity of requirements, materials and designs are observed. Typical considerations are physical and structural properties of materials. Hence, the full palette of materials is used in BIDs across the different accelerators, from ceramics and carbon-based materials (graphite and CfC) to virtually all metals. In addition, some devices need to absorb and manage power (heat) deposited by the beam, which imposes other constraints in the design, like cooling requirements and service temperature of the materials employed. Irradiation damage is also accounted for in the design of some devices. A state of the art of BIDs used in different accelerator complexes in the world will be presented here, including their main functionalities, requirements and design features.
	Slides WEC2I1 [12.046 MB]
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WEC2I2	Operational Performance with FRIB Liquid Lithium and Carbon Charge Strippers
	T. Kanemura, M.J. LaVere, F. Marti, T. Maruta, Y. Momozaki, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, A. Taylor, J. Wei, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA Y. Momozaki ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University The charge stripping of a primary beam in heavy ion accelerators is an essential process to achieve a high beam energy at targets. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which aims at achieving an ultimate primary beam power of 400 kW, has charge strippers where the primary beam energy reaches 17-20 MeV/u in the driver linac. Because of the unprecedented intensity of heavy ion beams to achieve the 400 kW power, ultra-high thermal load and radiation damage to the charge stripping material will make it practically useless if a solid is used. To overcome these challenges, FRIB chose liquid lithium as a revolutionary stripper material, which is a superior heat remover and free from radiation damage. FRIB¿s liquid lithium charge stripper (LLCS) produces a liquid lithium thin film flowing at 60 m/s, which gives a relatively flat film with a thickness of 10-20 ¿m (0.5-1.0 mg/cm²). We also have a carbon foil charge stripper (CCS), which is a carbon foil that rotates and moves vertically to spread thermal and radiation damage. We have demonstrated that both the CCS and LLCS can support 5-kW-at-target Xe primary beam operations. We will discuss their performance in this paper.
	Slides WEC2I2 [2.135 MB]
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WEC2C1	Evaluation of Power Deposition in HL-LHC with Crystal-assisted Heavy Ion Collimation	236
	V. Rodin, R. Bruce, R. Cai, M. D’Andrea, L.S. Esposito, A. Lechner, J.B. Potoine, S. Redaelli, J. Schoofs CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland R. Cai EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland J.B. Potoine IES, Montpellier, France
	The future LHC heavy-ion program, utilizing 208Pb⁸²⁺ beams at up to 7 Z TeV, is anticipated to operate with substantial intensity upgrade. During periods of short beam lifetime, a potential performance limitation may arise from secondary ions produced by electromagnetic dissociation and hadronic fragmentation in the collimators of the betatron cleaning insertion. These off-rigidity fragments risk quenching superconducting magnets when they are lost in the dispersion suppressor. To address this concern, an alternative collimation scheme will be introduced for forthcoming heavy ion runs, employing bent channeling crystals as primary collimators. In this contribution, we detail a thorough study of power deposition levels in superconducting magnets through FLUKA shower simulations in the crystal-based collimation system. The study focuses on the downstream dispersion suppressor regions of the betatron cleaning insertion, where the quench risk is the highest. Based on this work, we quantify the expected quench margin in future runs with 208Pb⁸²⁺ beams, providing crucial insights for the successful execution of the upgraded heavy-ion program at the HL-LHC. Research supported by the HL-LHC project.
	Slides WEC2C1 [3.105 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC2C1
About •	Received ※ 24 November 2023 — Revised ※ 25 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 16 January 2024
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WEC2C2	Two-Dimensional Temperature Measurements of Nanocrystalline Diamond Stripper Foils at High Intensity Hydrogen Ion Beams at SNS
	A.R. Oguz, W. Blokland ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA N.J. Evans ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. We propose and demonstrate a time-resolved, two-dimensional temperature monitoring technique for nanocrystalline diamond stripper foils exposed to high-intensity H^- beams at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. The technique utilizes a two-color imaging pyrometer in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral band to measure thermal radiation from stripper foils located 40 meters away from the measurement site. This work presents a unique optical design, optical calibration of the system using a high-temperature blackbody source, preliminary temperature measurement results from two stripper foils (new and used) under various H^- production beam conditions with average powers up to 1.7~MW and energy of 1.0~GeV. The technique we developed could be utilized to understand the thermal behavior of charge strippers under high-intensity particle beams and may lead to significant improvements in their lifetime in high-intensity particle accelerator.
	Slides WEC2C2 [7.747 MB]
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THC2I1	Non-Invasive Transverse Profile Measurement Methods
	R.M. Thurman-Keup Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
	Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics. Beam profiling is an important aspect of controlling the behavior of the beam. Poorly controlled beams result in beam losses due to aperture restrictions leading to both lower intensity for the downstream experiments and increased radiation along the beamline. Since hadrons are much heavier than electrons, the availability of synchrotron radiation as a profiling mechanism is generally not available except at very high energies. This talk will present a summary of other non-invasive transverse profiling techniques used at hadron accelerators, including residual gas ionization and fluorescence, electron beam scanning, and laser stripping of bound electrons.
	Slides THC2I1 [6.974 MB]
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THC2I2	Extraction of LHC Beam Parameters from Schottky Signals	382
	K. Łasocha, D. Alves, C. Lannoy, N. Mounet CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland C. Lannoy, T. Pieloni EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Analysis of Schottky signals provides rich insights into the dynamics of a hadron beam, with well-established methods of deriving the betatron tune and machine chromaticity. In this contribution, we will report on recent developments in the analysis and understanding of the signals measured at the Large Hadron Collider during proton and Pb⁸²⁺ fills. A fitting-based technique, where the measured spectra are iteratively compared with theoretical predictions, will be presented and compared with the previous methods. As a step beyond the classical theory of Schottky spectra, certain signal modifications due to the activity of the LHC machine systems will be discussed from the perspective of the applicability of the modified signal to the beam diagnostics.
	Slides THC2I2 [9.053 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2I2
About •	Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023
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THC2I3	Spectral Modification for BTF-Based Tune Measurements of Beam Close to a 3rd-Order Resonance
	E.C. Cortés García, P.J. Niedermayer, R. Singh GSI, Darmstadt, Germany E. Benedetto, R.L. Taylor CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Benedetto SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland E.C. Cortés García DESY, Hamburg, Germany E. Feldmeier HIT, Heidelberg, Germany
	Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union¿s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA No 101004730. The beam response to an external periodic excitation delivers relevant information about the ion-beam optics, tune distribution and stability of a circulating beam in a storage ring. In this contribution the horizontal beam response under conditions typical for slow extraction is presented for a coasting beam by means of the beam transfer function. The spectral modifications are discussed.
	Slides THC2I3 [3.590 MB]
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THC2C1	Shower Simulations for the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump and Comparison with Beam Loss Monitor Data	389
	S. Niang, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, T. Pugnat CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Domange ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
	During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), two new internal dumps (TDIs) were installed and successfully put into operation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to withstand the intense and bright beams produced for the High Luminosity LHC. TDIs serve as safety devices designed to rapidly enter the beam trajectory and stop the beam over multiple turns. Due to their design, the TDI only absorbs a fraction of the secondary particle shower produced by beam particles that impinge on it. Starting from impacts computed by multi-turn beam dynamics simulations, detailed shower simulations were performed with FLUKA to assess the radiation field’s impact on the downstream equipment, with a particular emphasis on the dose measured by Beam Loss Monitors. The numerical data obtained from the simulations are compared with the experimental data collected during PS operation.
	Slides THC2C1 [2.092 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2C1
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
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THAFP10	Stripline Design of a Fast Faraday Cup for the Bunch Length Measurement at ISOLDE-ISRS	426
	S. Varnasseri, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, R. Miracoli, J.L. Muñoz ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
	In order to measure the bunch length of the beam after Multi Harmonic Buncher (MHB) of ISOLDE Superconducting Recoil Separator (ISRS) and characterize the longitudinal structure of bunches of MHB, installation of a Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) is foreseen. Several possible structures of the fast faraday cup are studied and due to timing characteristics of the beam, a microstrip design is selected as the first option. The beam is collected on the biased collector of the microstrip with a matched impedance and transferred to the RF wideband amplification system. The amplified signal then can be analyzed on the wideband oscilloscope or acquisition system to extract the bunch length and bunch timing structure with precision. The design of the microstrip FFC and primary RF measurement of the prototype are discussed in this paper.
	Slides THAFP10 [2.832 MB]
	Poster THAFP10 [0.642 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP10
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
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THAFP11	FPGA-Based Digital IQ Demodulator Used in the Beam Position Monitors for HIAF BRing	429
	F.F. Ni, Z.X. Li, R.X. Tian, Y. Wei, J.X. Wu IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
	Funding: NSFC No. E911010301, Y913010GJ0, A digital beam position monitor processor has been developed for the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The digital IQ demodulator is used in the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) signal processing. All data acquisition and digital signal processing algorithm routines are performed within the FPGA. In the BPM electronics system, a 250 MHz sample rates ADC was used to digitize the pick-ups signal. In the FPGA, the digital signal is filtered by ultra-narrow bandpass filters, then the digital IQ demodulator is used to calculate the beam position with difference-over-sum algorithm. The heavy ion synchrotron CSRm revolution frequency is changing from 0.2 MHz to 1.78 MHz when accelerates charged particles. In this design, a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) whose output frequency changes over time is applied to generate the in-phase and quadrature components in the digital IQ demodulator. The performance of this designed BPM processor was evaluated with the online HIRFL-CSRm.
	Slides THAFP11 [1.332 MB]
	Poster THAFP11 [4.534 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP11
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 19 October 2023
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THBP36	Study of the Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump	555
	T. Pugnat, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, S. Niang CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Domange, E. Gnacadja, R. Tesse ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
	In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is meant to move rapidly into the beam and stop charged particles over several turns to provide protection to the PS hardware against beam-induced damage. The performance of the dump should ensure efficient use throughout the PS energy range, i.e. from injection at 2 GeV (kinetic energy) to flat top at 26 GeV (total energy). In this paper, detailed numerical simulations are presented, carried out with a combination of sophisticated beam dynamics and beam-matter interaction codes, assessing the behaviour of stopped or scattered particles. The results of these numerical simulations are compared with the data collected during the routine operation of the PS and its internal dump.
	Poster THBP36 [0.609 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP36
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
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THBP46	Simulation of the ESS Proton Beam Window Scattering	591
	E.D. Fackelman, E. Adli, H.E. Gjersdal, K.N. Sjobak University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Y. Levinsen, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas ESS, Lund, Sweden
	The European Spallation Source produces neutrons used for science by delivering a 5MW proton beam to a tungsten target. The proton beam parameters must remain within a well-defined range during all phases of facility exploitation. The proton beam parameters are measured and monitored by an instrumentation suite, among which are two beam imaging systems. Parameters such as position and beam current density can be calculated from the images, supporting beam tuning and operation. However, one of the two systems may be affected by beam scattering. In this paper, we will focus on modelling the impact of the scattering on the beam on target distribution. The modelling process, involving simulation codes such as Geant4 and two-dimensional convolution in Matlab, is described. Initially, Geant4 simulates a scattered pencil beam. The resulting distribution is fitted and can be used similarly to an instrument response in image processing to model any possible beam distribution. Finally, we discuss the results of the scattered beam imaging model, showing the range of applications of the model and the impact of scattering on the beam parameters.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP46
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THBP47	Studies on the Effect of Beam-Coupling Impedance on Schottky Spectra of Bunched Beams	595
	C. Lannoy, D. Alves, K. Łasocha, N. Mounet CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland C. Lannoy, T. Pieloni EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Schottky monitors can be used for non-invasive beam diagnostics to estimate various bunch characteristics, such as tune, chromaticity, bunch profile or synchrotron frequency distribution. However, collective effects, in particular beam-coupling impedance, can significantly affect Schottky spectra when large bunch charges are involved. In such conditions, the available interpretation methods are difficult to apply directly to the measured spectra, thus preventing the extraction of beam and machine parameters, which is possible for lower bunch charges. To study the impact of impedance on such spectra, we perform here time-domain, macro-particle simulations and apply a semi-analytical method to compute the Schottky signal for various machine and beam conditions, including those corresponding to typical physics operation at the Large Hadron Collider. This study provides preliminary interpretations of the impact of beam-coupling impedance on Schottky spectra by incorporating longitudinal and transverse resonator-like impedance models into the simulations.
	Poster THBP47 [1.133 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP47
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023
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THBP48	Latest Advances in Targetry Systems at CERN and Exciting Avenues for Future Endeavours	599
	R. Franqueira Ximenes, O. Aberle, M. Calviani, R. Esposito, J.L. Grenard, T. Griesemer, A.R. Romero Francia, C. Torregrosa CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	CERN’s accelerator complex offers diverse target systems for a range of scientific pursuits, including varying beam energies, intensities, pulse lengths, and objectives. Future high-intensity fixed target experiments aim to advance this field further. This contribution highlights upgraded operational target systems, enhancing CERN’s physics endeavours. One example is the third-generation n_TOF spallation neutron target, using a nitrogen-cooled pure lead system impacted by a 20 GeV/c proton beam. Another focuses on recent antiproton production target upgrades, with a high-intensity 26 GeV/c beam colliding with a narrow-air-cooled iridium target. Looking ahead, new high-power target systems are planned. One aims to discover hidden particles using a 350-kW high-Z production target, while another enhances kaon physics through a 100 kW low-Z target. This article provides an overview of current target systems at CERN, detailing beam-intercepting devices and engineering aspects. It also previews upcoming facilities that could soon be implemented at CERN.
	Poster THBP48 [63.760 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP48
About •	Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023
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FRC1I1	The Beam Destinations for the Commissioning of the ESS High Power Normal Conducting Linac	643
	E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, E. Laface, C. Neto, A. Olsson, L. Page, T.J. Shea ESS, Lund, Sweden V.V. Bertrand PANTECHNIK, Bayeux, France I. Bustinduy ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain M. Ruelas RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA
	At the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), the commissioning of the high-power normal conducting linac started in 2018. This paper deals with the beam destinations for the commissioning phases with initially the proton source and LEBT, then the MEBT and lately four DTL sections. The beam destinations were designed to withstand the ESS commissioning beam modes (with proton current up to 62.5mA, pulse length up to 50E-6s and repetition rates up to 14Hz). The EPICS-based control system allows measurements of the proton current and pulse length in real-time; it controls the motion and the power suppliers, and it also monitors the water cooling systems. Special focus will be on the results of thermo-mechanical simulations in MCNP/ANSYS to ensure safe absorption and dissipation of the volumetric power-deposition. The devices’ materials were chosen not only to cope with the high-power proton-beam, but also to be vacuum-compatible, to minimize the activation of the beam destinations themselves and the residual dose nearby. The results of neutronics simulations will be summarized with special focus on the shielding strategy, the operational limits and relocation procedures.
	Slides FRC1I1 [6.348 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I1
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023
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FRC1I2	High Beam Current Operation with Beam Diagnostics at LIPAc	649
	S. Kwon, T. Akagi, A. De Franco, K. Hirosawa, K. Kondo, K. Masuda, M. Ohta QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan F. Bénédetti, Y. Carin, F. Cismondi, D. Gex IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France D. Jimenez-Rey, I. Podadera, A. Rodríguez Páramo, V. Villamayor CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain L. Maindive UGR, Granada, Spain J. Marroncle CEA-DRF-IRFU, France J.C. Morales Vega, I. Podadera Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain M. Poggi INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy
	The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is under commissioning in Rokkasho Fusion Institute in Japan and aims to accelerate 125 mA D⁺ at 9 MeV in CW mode for validating the IFMIF accelerator design. To insure a fine characterization and tuning of the machine many beam diagnostics are installed such as CTs, profile/position/loss/bunch length monitors spanning from Injector to the beam dump (BD). The beam operations in 1.0 ms pulsed D⁺ at 5 MeV was successfully completed with a low power BD (Phase B) in 2019. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the crucial transition to a new linac configuration was also finalized to enable operation in 1.0 ms to CW D⁺ at 5 MeV with the high-power BD (Phase B+). Thanks to the efforts of the entire team, the 1st beam operation of Phase B+ was carried out in 2021. We present the experiences and challenges encountered during the beam operations, particularly the findings from the interceptive devices to measure the beam profile and emittance using tungsten wires rackets, SEMGrid. We also discuss the quick results on other beam diagnostics from the beam operation of Phase B+ toward HDC, which are currently conducting in this Summer.
	Slides FRC1I2 [9.323 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I2
About •	Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 23 October 2023
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FRC1I3	Devices for High-Efficiency Slow Extraction at J-PARC Main Ring	656
	R. Muto, T. Kimura, S. Murasugi, K. Numai, K. Okamura, Y. Shirakabe, M. Tomizawa, E. Yanaoka KEK, Ibaraki, Japan A. Matsumura Nihon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd, Ibaraki, Nakagun, Tokaimura, Japan
	J-PARC Main Ring (MR) is a synchrotron that accelerates protons up to 30 GeV and supplies them to the Neutrino Experimental Facility and the Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF). Beam extraction from MR to HEF is performed by slow extraction using third-order resonance. In the slow extraction a device called an electrostatic septum (ESS) is used to scrape out the beam, and it is important to reduce the beam loss at the septum electrode of the ESS in order to supply a high-intensity beam. So far, we have achieved a slow extraction efficiency of 99.5% by developing an ESS with a thin septum electrode and tuning the bump orbit to reduce the width of the angular distribution of protons at the ESS. In addition, a collimator is installed downstream of the ESS to absorb particles scattered by the septum electrode, thereby reducing activation of the components downstream. In order to achieve further reduction of the beam loss, we are currently considering to install beam diffusers and/or bent silicon crystals at the upstream of the ESS. In this talk, we will present the current status of the slow extraction devices and future plans to further improve the extraction efficiency.
	Slides FRC1I3 [3.167 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I3
About •	Received ※ 18 October 2023 — Revised ※ 19 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 23 October 2023 — Issued ※ 01 November 2023
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FRA2I5	Summary of Working Group E: Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices	677
	P. Forck GSI, Darmstadt, Germany P. Hurh Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA K. Satou KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
	The talk concerns the summary of the Working Group E related to Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices
	Slides FRA2I5 [6.640 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I5
About •	Received ※ 26 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 13 January 2024
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Paper

Title

Page

High-Power Targetry and the IMPACT Initiative at Paul Scherrer Institute

30

D.C. Kiselev
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The main challenges to operate a high-power target are dissipation of the heat and radiation damage. The latter refers to the damage of the material. Since the breakdown of the material depends on the operation temperature and other conditions, like the material treatment before irradiation, it is difficult to predict. To reduce failures, target operation parameters and beam properties have to be monitored carefully. After the failure of the neutron spallation target (SINQ) in 2016, several improvements in the HIPA (High intensity Proton Accelerator) beam line at PSI and the target installation were implemented. However, MW beams are not a prerequisite for the need of high power targets. This is the case at one of the two new target stations within the IMPACT initiative at PSI. One target station will produce radionuclides for research in cancer therapy, while the other will improve the surface muon rate by a factor of 100 for experiments in particle and material physics. In this presentation, strategies for successful operation of high-power targets are shown. Furthermore, the IMPACT initiative at PSI, with focus on the two planned target stations, will be presented.

Slides MOA3I3 [4.909 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA3I3

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 03 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 20 October 2023

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WEC1I1

Radiation Hardened Beam Instrumentations for Multi-Mega-Watt Beam Facilities

199

K. Yonehara
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

A beam instrumentation is an essential element to successfully operate an accelerator machine in which various diagnostic and beam control system are integrated. However, the beam instrumentation performance is often constrained by a prompt radiation dose, integrated radiation dose, operation (ambient) temperature and humidity, available space, and strength of embedded electromagnetic fields at the monitor. These constraints will limit the dynamic range of operational beam parameters, like the maximum achievable beam power. A seamless R&D effort to develop the radiation hardened beam instrumentations has been made for future multi-MW beam facilities. In this presentation, I will show a major beam facility and beam instrumentation which runs or plans a MW beam operation in the near future.

Slides WEC1I1 [2.739 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1I1

About •

Received ※ 20 October 2023 — Revised ※ 23 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 05 December 2023 — Issued ※ 12 January 2024

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WEC1I2

Beam Diagnosis and Soundness Check System for Neutrino Production Targets

M.L. Friend
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan

Conventional neutrino beamlines require a high-intensity, high-energy proton beam incident on a fixed neutrino production target. Under these severe conditions, a robust beam diagnostics system is essential for ensuring safe and stable operation of the proton and neutrino beams. In this contribution, primary and secondary beam diagnostics commonly used in neutrino beamlines will be reviewed, including an overview of some systems currently in use.

Slides WEC1I2 [24.607 MB]

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WEC1C1

Improvement Design of a Beam Current Monitor Based on a Passive Cavity Under Heavy Heat Load and Radiation

205

P.-A. Duperrex, J.E. Bachmann, M. Rohrer, J.L. Sun
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The High Intensity Proton Accelerator at PSI delivers a continuous proton beam of up to 2.4 mA with a maximum energy of 590 MeV to two meson production targets, M and E, and then to the spallation target. Eight meters downstream from the target E located a beam current monitor MHC5, which endure intensive scattered particles from Target E and cause large temperature variation, further induce operation and calibration problems. To address these issues, a graphite monitor was designed to replace the older aluminum one. Based on years of operation experiences of this graphite cavity, improvement design has been also considered, including beam positon pickups refinement, on-line calibration methods implementation, as well as manipulation maintenance issues. Detailed aspects of the performance of the monitor and its improvement design will be presented in this paper.

Slides WEC1C1 [4.024 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C1

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 16 October 2023

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WEC1C2

Challenges of Target and Irradiation Diagnostics of the IFMIF-DONES Facility

210

C. Torregrosa, J. Maestre, A. Roldán, J. Valenzuela, I. Álvarez Castro
UGR, Granada, Spain
F. Arbeiter, Y.F. Qiu
KIT, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
S. Becerril-Jarque, A. Ibarra, I. Podadera
Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain
B. Brenneis
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
L. Buligins
IPUL, Salaspils, Latvia
J. Castellanos
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
N. Chauvin
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
S. Fiore
CERN, GENEVA, Switzerland
D. Jimenez-Rey, F. Mota, C. Oliver, D. Regidor, C. de la Morena
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
J. Martínez, P. Matia-Hernando, T. Siegel
ASE Optics, El Prat De Llobregat, Spain
F.S. Nitti
ENEA Brasimone, Centro Ricerche Brasimone, Camugnano, BO, Italy
T. Tadic
RBI, Zagreb, Croatia
U. Wiacek
IFJ-PAN, Kraków, Poland

Funding: This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme Grant Agreement No 101052200 EUROfusion
IFMIF-DONES will be a first-class scientific infrastructure consisting of an accelerator-driven neutron source delivering 1e17 n/s with a broad peak at 14 MeV. Such neutron flux will be created by impinging a continuous wave 125 mA, 40 MeV, 5 MW deuteron beam onto a liquid Li jet target, circulating at 15 m/s. Material specimens subjected to neutron irradiation will be placed a few millimeters downstream. Some of the most challenging technological aspects of the facility are the Diagnostics to monitor the Li jet, beam parameters on target, and characterization of the neutron irradiation field, with transversal implications in the scientific exploitation, machine protection and safety. Multiple solutions are foreseen, considering among others, Li jet thickness measurement methods based on optical metrology and millimeter-wave radar techniques, Li electromagnetic flowmeters, beam footprint measurements based on residual gas excitation, online neutron detectors such as SPNDs and micro-fission chambers, as well as offline neutron fluence measurements by activation foils or spheres. This contribution provides an overview of these aspects and the associated R&D activities.

Slides WEC1C2 [4.676 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC1C2

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Received ※ 11 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 14 October 2023

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WEC2I1

Beam Intercepting Device Challenges for High Intensity Accelerators - a Global Perspective

A. Perillo Marcone
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

Several beam intercepting devices (BID) are used in particle accelerators for different functions: machine protection (stopping the beam in accidental scenarios), human safety , beam conditioning (e.g. collimators, scrapers, slits), secondary beam production (targets) and absorbers (beam dumps). Since these devices are found in accelerators with a broad range of beam energies and particle types, a large diversity of requirements, materials and designs are observed. Typical considerations are physical and structural properties of materials. Hence, the full palette of materials is used in BIDs across the different accelerators, from ceramics and carbon-based materials (graphite and CfC) to virtually all metals. In addition, some devices need to absorb and manage power (heat) deposited by the beam, which imposes other constraints in the design, like cooling requirements and service temperature of the materials employed. Irradiation damage is also accounted for in the design of some devices. A state of the art of BIDs used in different accelerator complexes in the world will be presented here, including their main functionalities, requirements and design features.

Slides WEC2I1 [12.046 MB]

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WEC2I2

Operational Performance with FRIB Liquid Lithium and Carbon Charge Strippers

T. Kanemura, M.J. LaVere, F. Marti, T. Maruta, Y. Momozaki, P.N. Ostroumov, A.S. Plastun, A. Taylor, J. Wei, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Y. Momozaki
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan and Michigan State University
The charge stripping of a primary beam in heavy ion accelerators is an essential process to achieve a high beam energy at targets. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), which aims at achieving an ultimate primary beam power of 400 kW, has charge strippers where the primary beam energy reaches 17-20 MeV/u in the driver linac. Because of the unprecedented intensity of heavy ion beams to achieve the 400 kW power, ultra-high thermal load and radiation damage to the charge stripping material will make it practically useless if a solid is used. To overcome these challenges, FRIB chose liquid lithium as a revolutionary stripper material, which is a superior heat remover and free from radiation damage. FRIB¿s liquid lithium charge stripper (LLCS) produces a liquid lithium thin film flowing at 60 m/s, which gives a relatively flat film with a thickness of 10-20 ¿m (0.5-1.0 mg/cm²). We also have a carbon foil charge stripper (CCS), which is a carbon foil that rotates and moves vertically to spread thermal and radiation damage. We have demonstrated that both the CCS and LLCS can support 5-kW-at-target Xe primary beam operations. We will discuss their performance in this paper.

Slides WEC2I2 [2.135 MB]

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WEC2C1

Evaluation of Power Deposition in HL-LHC with Crystal-assisted Heavy Ion Collimation

236

V. Rodin, R. Bruce, R. Cai, M. D’Andrea, L.S. Esposito, A. Lechner, J.B. Potoine, S. Redaelli, J. Schoofs
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
R. Cai
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
J.B. Potoine
IES, Montpellier, France

The future LHC heavy-ion program, utilizing 208Pb⁸²⁺ beams at up to 7 Z TeV, is anticipated to operate with substantial intensity upgrade. During periods of short beam lifetime, a potential performance limitation may arise from secondary ions produced by electromagnetic dissociation and hadronic fragmentation in the collimators of the betatron cleaning insertion. These off-rigidity fragments risk quenching superconducting magnets when they are lost in the dispersion suppressor. To address this concern, an alternative collimation scheme will be introduced for forthcoming heavy ion runs, employing bent channeling crystals as primary collimators. In this contribution, we detail a thorough study of power deposition levels in superconducting magnets through FLUKA shower simulations in the crystal-based collimation system. The study focuses on the downstream dispersion suppressor regions of the betatron cleaning insertion, where the quench risk is the highest. Based on this work, we quantify the expected quench margin in future runs with 208Pb⁸²⁺ beams, providing crucial insights for the successful execution of the upgraded heavy-ion program at the HL-LHC.
Research supported by the HL-LHC project.

Slides WEC2C1 [3.105 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-WEC2C1

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Received ※ 24 November 2023 — Revised ※ 25 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 16 January 2024

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WEC2C2

Two-Dimensional Temperature Measurements of Nanocrystalline Diamond Stripper Foils at High Intensity Hydrogen Ion Beams at SNS

A.R. Oguz, W. Blokland
ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
N.J. Evans
ORNL RAD, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
We propose and demonstrate a time-resolved, two-dimensional temperature monitoring technique for nanocrystalline diamond stripper foils exposed to high-intensity H^- beams at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. The technique utilizes a two-color imaging pyrometer in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectral band to measure thermal radiation from stripper foils located 40 meters away from the measurement site. This work presents a unique optical design, optical calibration of the system using a high-temperature blackbody source, preliminary temperature measurement results from two stripper foils (new and used) under various H^- production beam conditions with average powers up to 1.7~MW and energy of 1.0~GeV. The technique we developed could be utilized to understand the thermal behavior of charge strippers under high-intensity particle beams and may lead to significant improvements in their lifetime in high-intensity particle accelerator.

Slides WEC2C2 [7.747 MB]

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THC2I1

Non-Invasive Transverse Profile Measurement Methods

R.M. Thurman-Keup
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA

Funding: This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Beam profiling is an important aspect of controlling the behavior of the beam. Poorly controlled beams result in beam losses due to aperture restrictions leading to both lower intensity for the downstream experiments and increased radiation along the beamline. Since hadrons are much heavier than electrons, the availability of synchrotron radiation as a profiling mechanism is generally not available except at very high energies. This talk will present a summary of other non-invasive transverse profiling techniques used at hadron accelerators, including residual gas ionization and fluorescence, electron beam scanning, and laser stripping of bound electrons.

Slides THC2I1 [6.974 MB]

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THC2I2

Extraction of LHC Beam Parameters from Schottky Signals

382

K. Łasocha, D. Alves, C. Lannoy, N. Mounet
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C. Lannoy, T. Pieloni
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Analysis of Schottky signals provides rich insights into the dynamics of a hadron beam, with well-established methods of deriving the betatron tune and machine chromaticity. In this contribution, we will report on recent developments in the analysis and understanding of the signals measured at the Large Hadron Collider during proton and Pb⁸²⁺ fills. A fitting-based technique, where the measured spectra are iteratively compared with theoretical predictions, will be presented and compared with the previous methods. As a step beyond the classical theory of Schottky spectra, certain signal modifications due to the activity of the LHC machine systems will be discussed from the perspective of the applicability of the modified signal to the beam diagnostics.

Slides THC2I2 [9.053 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2I2

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Received ※ 04 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 12 October 2023

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THC2I3

Spectral Modification for BTF-Based Tune Measurements of Beam Close to a 3rd-Order Resonance

E.C. Cortés García, P.J. Niedermayer, R. Singh
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
E. Benedetto, R.L. Taylor
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Benedetto
SEEIIST, Geneva, Switzerland
E.C. Cortés García
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
E. Feldmeier
HIT, Heidelberg, Germany

Funding: This project has received funding from the European Union¿s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under GA No 101004730.
The beam response to an external periodic excitation delivers relevant information about the ion-beam optics, tune distribution and stability of a circulating beam in a storage ring. In this contribution the horizontal beam response under conditions typical for slow extraction is presented for a coasting beam by means of the beam transfer function. The spectral modifications are discussed.

Slides THC2I3 [3.590 MB]

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THC2C1

Shower Simulations for the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump and Comparison with Beam Loss Monitor Data

389

S. Niang, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, T. Pugnat
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Domange
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium

During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), two new internal dumps (TDIs) were installed and successfully put into operation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to withstand the intense and bright beams produced for the High Luminosity LHC. TDIs serve as safety devices designed to rapidly enter the beam trajectory and stop the beam over multiple turns. Due to their design, the TDI only absorbs a fraction of the secondary particle shower produced by beam particles that impinge on it. Starting from impacts computed by multi-turn beam dynamics simulations, detailed shower simulations were performed with FLUKA to assess the radiation field’s impact on the downstream equipment, with a particular emphasis on the dose measured by Beam Loss Monitors. The numerical data obtained from the simulations are compared with the experimental data collected during PS operation.

Slides THC2C1 [2.092 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2C1

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Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023

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THAFP10

Stripline Design of a Fast Faraday Cup for the Bunch Length Measurement at ISOLDE-ISRS

426

S. Varnasseri, I. Bustinduy, P.J. González, R. Miracoli, J.L. Muñoz
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain

In order to measure the bunch length of the beam after Multi Harmonic Buncher (MHB) of ISOLDE Superconducting Recoil Separator (ISRS) and characterize the longitudinal structure of bunches of MHB, installation of a Fast Faraday Cup (FFC) is foreseen. Several possible structures of the fast faraday cup are studied and due to timing characteristics of the beam, a microstrip design is selected as the first option. The beam is collected on the biased collector of the microstrip with a matched impedance and transferred to the RF wideband amplification system. The amplified signal then can be analyzed on the wideband oscilloscope or acquisition system to extract the bunch length and bunch timing structure with precision. The design of the microstrip FFC and primary RF measurement of the prototype are discussed in this paper.

Slides THAFP10 [2.832 MB]

Poster THAFP10 [0.642 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP10

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Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 11 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

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THAFP11

FPGA-Based Digital IQ Demodulator Used in the Beam Position Monitors for HIAF BRing

429

F.F. Ni, Z.X. Li, R.X. Tian, Y. Wei, J.X. Wu
IMP/CAS, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China

Funding: NSFC No. E911010301, Y913010GJ0,
A digital beam position monitor processor has been developed for the High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF). The digital IQ demodulator is used in the Beam Position Monitor (BPM) signal processing. All data acquisition and digital signal processing algorithm routines are performed within the FPGA. In the BPM electronics system, a 250 MHz sample rates ADC was used to digitize the pick-ups signal. In the FPGA, the digital signal is filtered by ultra-narrow bandpass filters, then the digital IQ demodulator is used to calculate the beam position with difference-over-sum algorithm. The heavy ion synchrotron CSRm revolution frequency is changing from 0.2 MHz to 1.78 MHz when accelerates charged particles. In this design, a Direct Digital Synthesizer (DDS) whose output frequency changes over time is applied to generate the in-phase and quadrature components in the digital IQ demodulator. The performance of this designed BPM processor was evaluated with the online HIRFL-CSRm.

Slides THAFP11 [1.332 MB]

Poster THAFP11 [4.534 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP11

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Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 19 October 2023

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THBP36

Study of the Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump

555

T. Pugnat, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, S. Niang
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Domange, E. Gnacadja, R. Tesse
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is meant to move rapidly into the beam and stop charged particles over several turns to provide protection to the PS hardware against beam-induced damage. The performance of the dump should ensure efficient use throughout the PS energy range, i.e. from injection at 2 GeV (kinetic energy) to flat top at 26 GeV (total energy). In this paper, detailed numerical simulations are presented, carried out with a combination of sophisticated beam dynamics and beam-matter interaction codes, assessing the behaviour of stopped or scattered particles. The results of these numerical simulations are compared with the data collected during the routine operation of the PS and its internal dump.

Poster THBP36 [0.609 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP36

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Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023

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THBP46

Simulation of the ESS Proton Beam Window Scattering

591

E.D. Fackelman, E. Adli, H.E. Gjersdal, K.N. Sjobak
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Y. Levinsen, A. Takibayev, C.A. Thomas
ESS, Lund, Sweden

The European Spallation Source produces neutrons used for science by delivering a 5MW proton beam to a tungsten target. The proton beam parameters must remain within a well-defined range during all phases of facility exploitation. The proton beam parameters are measured and monitored by an instrumentation suite, among which are two beam imaging systems. Parameters such as position and beam current density can be calculated from the images, supporting beam tuning and operation. However, one of the two systems may be affected by beam scattering. In this paper, we will focus on modelling the impact of the scattering on the beam on target distribution. The modelling process, involving simulation codes such as Geant4 and two-dimensional convolution in Matlab, is described. Initially, Geant4 simulates a scattered pencil beam. The resulting distribution is fitted and can be used similarly to an instrument response in image processing to model any possible beam distribution. Finally, we discuss the results of the scattered beam imaging model, showing the range of applications of the model and the impact of scattering on the beam parameters.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP46

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 14 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THBP47

Studies on the Effect of Beam-Coupling Impedance on Schottky Spectra of Bunched Beams

595

C. Lannoy, D. Alves, K. Łasocha, N. Mounet
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
C. Lannoy, T. Pieloni
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Schottky monitors can be used for non-invasive beam diagnostics to estimate various bunch characteristics, such as tune, chromaticity, bunch profile or synchrotron frequency distribution. However, collective effects, in particular beam-coupling impedance, can significantly affect Schottky spectra when large bunch charges are involved. In such conditions, the available interpretation methods are difficult to apply directly to the measured spectra, thus preventing the extraction of beam and machine parameters, which is possible for lower bunch charges. To study the impact of impedance on such spectra, we perform here time-domain, macro-particle simulations and apply a semi-analytical method to compute the Schottky signal for various machine and beam conditions, including those corresponding to typical physics operation at the Large Hadron Collider. This study provides preliminary interpretations of the impact of beam-coupling impedance on Schottky spectra by incorporating longitudinal and transverse resonator-like impedance models into the simulations.

Poster THBP47 [1.133 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP47

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Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 21 October 2023

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THBP48

Latest Advances in Targetry Systems at CERN and Exciting Avenues for Future Endeavours

599

R. Franqueira Ximenes, O. Aberle, M. Calviani, R. Esposito, J.L. Grenard, T. Griesemer, A.R. Romero Francia, C. Torregrosa
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

CERN’s accelerator complex offers diverse target systems for a range of scientific pursuits, including varying beam energies, intensities, pulse lengths, and objectives. Future high-intensity fixed target experiments aim to advance this field further. This contribution highlights upgraded operational target systems, enhancing CERN’s physics endeavours. One example is the third-generation n_TOF spallation neutron target, using a nitrogen-cooled pure lead system impacted by a 20 GeV/c proton beam. Another focuses on recent antiproton production target upgrades, with a high-intensity 26 GeV/c beam colliding with a narrow-air-cooled iridium target. Looking ahead, new high-power target systems are planned. One aims to discover hidden particles using a 350-kW high-Z production target, while another enhances kaon physics through a 100 kW low-Z target. This article provides an overview of current target systems at CERN, detailing beam-intercepting devices and engineering aspects. It also previews upcoming facilities that could soon be implemented at CERN.

Poster THBP48 [63.760 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP48

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Received ※ 07 October 2023 — Revised ※ 08 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 10 October 2023

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FRC1I1

The Beam Destinations for the Commissioning of the ESS High Power Normal Conducting Linac

643

E.M. Donegani, V. Grishin, E. Laface, C. Neto, A. Olsson, L. Page, T.J. Shea
ESS, Lund, Sweden
V.V. Bertrand
PANTECHNIK, Bayeux, France
I. Bustinduy
ESS Bilbao, Zamudio, Spain
M. Ruelas
RadiaBeam, Santa Monica, California, USA

At the European Spallation Source (ESS) in Lund (Sweden), the commissioning of the high-power normal conducting linac started in 2018. This paper deals with the beam destinations for the commissioning phases with initially the proton source and LEBT, then the MEBT and lately four DTL sections. The beam destinations were designed to withstand the ESS commissioning beam modes (with proton current up to 62.5mA, pulse length up to 50E-6s and repetition rates up to 14Hz). The EPICS-based control system allows measurements of the proton current and pulse length in real-time; it controls the motion and the power suppliers, and it also monitors the water cooling systems. Special focus will be on the results of thermo-mechanical simulations in MCNP/ANSYS to ensure safe absorption and dissipation of the volumetric power-deposition. The devices’ materials were chosen not only to cope with the high-power proton-beam, but also to be vacuum-compatible, to minimize the activation of the beam destinations themselves and the residual dose nearby. The results of neutronics simulations will be summarized with special focus on the shielding strategy, the operational limits and relocation procedures.

Slides FRC1I1 [6.348 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I1

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Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 07 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 13 October 2023

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FRC1I2

High Beam Current Operation with Beam Diagnostics at LIPAc

649

S. Kwon, T. Akagi, A. De Franco, K. Hirosawa, K. Kondo, K. Masuda, M. Ohta
QST Rokkasho, Aomori, Japan
F. Bénédetti, Y. Carin, F. Cismondi, D. Gex
IFMIF/EVEDA, Rokkasho, Japan
B. Bolzon, N. Chauvin
CEA-IRFU, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
D. Jimenez-Rey, I. Podadera, A. Rodríguez Páramo, V. Villamayor
CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
L. Maindive
UGR, Granada, Spain
J. Marroncle
CEA-DRF-IRFU, France
J.C. Morales Vega, I. Podadera
Consorcio IFMIF-DONES España, Granada, Spain
M. Poggi
INFN/LNL, Legnaro (PD), Italy

The Linear IFMIF Prototype Accelerator (LIPAc) is under commissioning in Rokkasho Fusion Institute in Japan and aims to accelerate 125 mA D⁺ at 9 MeV in CW mode for validating the IFMIF accelerator design. To insure a fine characterization and tuning of the machine many beam diagnostics are installed such as CTs, profile/position/loss/bunch length monitors spanning from Injector to the beam dump (BD). The beam operations in 1.0 ms pulsed D⁺ at 5 MeV was successfully completed with a low power BD (Phase B) in 2019. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, the crucial transition to a new linac configuration was also finalized to enable operation in 1.0 ms to CW D⁺ at 5 MeV with the high-power BD (Phase B+). Thanks to the efforts of the entire team, the 1st beam operation of Phase B+ was carried out in 2021. We present the experiences and challenges encountered during the beam operations, particularly the findings from the interceptive devices to measure the beam profile and emittance using tungsten wires rackets, SEMGrid. We also discuss the quick results on other beam diagnostics from the beam operation of Phase B+ toward HDC, which are currently conducting in this Summer.

Slides FRC1I2 [9.323 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I2

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Received ※ 02 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 23 October 2023

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FRC1I3

Devices for High-Efficiency Slow Extraction at J-PARC Main Ring

656

R. Muto, T. Kimura, S. Murasugi, K. Numai, K. Okamura, Y. Shirakabe, M. Tomizawa, E. Yanaoka
KEK, Ibaraki, Japan
A. Matsumura
Nihon Advanced Technology Co., Ltd, Ibaraki, Nakagun, Tokaimura, Japan

J-PARC Main Ring (MR) is a synchrotron that accelerates protons up to 30 GeV and supplies them to the Neutrino Experimental Facility and the Hadron Experimental Facility (HEF). Beam extraction from MR to HEF is performed by slow extraction using third-order resonance. In the slow extraction a device called an electrostatic septum (ESS) is used to scrape out the beam, and it is important to reduce the beam loss at the septum electrode of the ESS in order to supply a high-intensity beam. So far, we have achieved a slow extraction efficiency of 99.5% by developing an ESS with a thin septum electrode and tuning the bump orbit to reduce the width of the angular distribution of protons at the ESS. In addition, a collimator is installed downstream of the ESS to absorb particles scattered by the septum electrode, thereby reducing activation of the components downstream. In order to achieve further reduction of the beam loss, we are currently considering to install beam diffusers and/or bent silicon crystals at the upstream of the ESS. In this talk, we will present the current status of the slow extraction devices and future plans to further improve the extraction efficiency.

Slides FRC1I3 [3.167 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRC1I3

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Received ※ 18 October 2023 — Revised ※ 19 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 23 October 2023 — Issued ※ 01 November 2023

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FRA2I5

Summary of Working Group E: Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices

677

P. Forck
GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
P. Hurh
Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
K. Satou
KEK, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

The talk concerns the summary of the Working Group E related to Instrumentation and Intercepting Devices

Slides FRA2I5 [6.640 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-FRA2I5

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Received ※ 26 November 2023 — Accepted ※ 29 November 2023 — Issued ※ 13 January 2024

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