HB2023 - List of Authors (Giovannozzi, M.)

Paper	Title	Page
THA1C1	High Intensity Beam Dynamics Challenges for HL-LHC	344
	N. Mounet, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, X. Buffat, R. Calaga, R. De Maria, C.N. Droin, L. Giacomel, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, S. Kostoglou, B. Lindström, L. Mether, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, K. Paraschou, S. Redaelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, G. Sterbini, R. Tomás García CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project aims to increase the integrated luminosity of CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by an order of magnitude compared to its initial design. This requires a large increase in bunch intensity and beam brightness compared to the first LHC runs, and hence poses serious collective-effects challenges, related in particular to electron cloud, instabilities from beam-coupling impedance, and beam-beam effects. Here we present the associated constraints and the proposed mitigation measures to achieve the baseline performance of the upgraded LHC machine. We also discuss the interplay of these mitigation measures with other aspects of the accelerator, such as the physical and dynamic aperture, machine protection, magnet imperfections, optics, and the collimation system.
	Slides THA1C1 [3.385 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1C1
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 10 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC2C1	Shower Simulations for the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump and Comparison with Beam Loss Monitor Data	389
	S. Niang, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, T. Pugnat CERN, Geneva, Switzerland D. Domange ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
	During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), two new internal dumps (TDIs) were installed and successfully put into operation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to withstand the intense and bright beams produced for the High Luminosity LHC. TDIs serve as safety devices designed to rapidly enter the beam trajectory and stop the beam over multiple turns. Due to their design, the TDI only absorbs a fraction of the secondary particle shower produced by beam particles that impinge on it. Starting from impacts computed by multi-turn beam dynamics simulations, detailed shower simulations were performed with FLUKA to assess the radiation field’s impact on the downstream equipment, with a particular emphasis on the dose measured by Beam Loss Monitors. The numerical data obtained from the simulations are compared with the experimental data collected during PS operation.
	Slides THC2C1 [2.092 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2C1
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAFP09	Optimizing Beam Dynamics in LHC with Active Deep Learning	422
	D. Di Croce, T. Pieloni, M. Seidel EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland M. Giovannozzi, F.F. Van der Veken CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland E. Krymova SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland M. Seidel PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
	The Dynamic Aperture (DA) is an important concept for the study of non-linear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator. It refers to the region in phase space where a particle’s motion remains bounded over a given number of turns. Understanding the features of DA is crucial for operating circular accelerators as it provides insights on non-linear beam dynamics and the phenomena affecting beam lifetime. The standard approach to calculate the DA is computationally very intensive. In our study, we aim at determining an optimal set of parameters that affect DA, like betatron tune, chromaticity, and Landau octupole strengths, using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The DNN model predicts the so-called angular DA, based on simulated LHC data. To enhance its performance, we integrated the DNN model into an innovative Active Learning (AL) framework. This framework not only enables retraining and updating of the model, but also facilitates efficient data generation through smart sampling. The results demonstrate that the use of the Active Learning (AL) framework allows faster scanning of LHC ring configuration parameters without compromising the accuracy of the DA calculations.
	Slides THAFP09 [1.028 MB]
	Poster THAFP09 [6.173 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP09
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 31 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP18	Revised Collimation Configuration for the Updated FCC-hh Layout	495
	A. Abramov, R. Bruce, M. Giovannozzi, G. Pérez Segurana, S. Redaelli, T. Risselada CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
	The collimation system for the hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) must handle proton beams with an unprecedented nominal beam energy and stored beam energy in excess of 8 GJ, and protect the superconducting magnets and other sensitive equipment while ensuring a high operational efficiency. The recent development of the 16-dipole lattice baseline for the FCC-hh, and the associated layout changes, has necessitated an adaptation of the collimation system. A revised configuration of the collimation system is presented, considering novel high-beta optics in the betatron collimation insertion. Performance is evaluated through loss map studies, with a focus on losses in critical areas, including collimation insertions and experimental interaction regions.
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP18
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 19 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP35	Analysis Tools for Numerical Simulations of Dynamic Aperture with Xsuite	551
	T. Pugnat, M. Giovannozzi, F.F. Van der Veken CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Di Croce EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
	Recently, several efforts have been made at CERN to develop a new tracking tool, Xsuite, which is intended to be the successor to SixTrack. In this framework, analysis tools have also been prepared with the goal of providing advanced post-processing techniques for the interpretation of dynamic aperture simulations. The proposed software suite, named Xdyna, is meant to be a successor to the existing SixDesk environment. It incorporates all recent approaches developed to determine the dynamic aperture for a fixed number of turns. It also enables studying the time evolution of the dynamic aperture and the fitting of rigorous models based on the stability-time estimate provided by the Nekhoroshev theorem. These models make it possible to link the dynamic aperture to beam lifetime, and thus provide very relevant information for the actual performance of particle colliders. These tools have been applied to studies related to the luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the results of which are presented here.
	Poster THBP35 [0.514 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP35
About •	Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP36	Study of the Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump	555
	T. Pugnat, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, S. Niang CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland D. Domange, E. Gnacadja, R. Tesse ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
	In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is meant to move rapidly into the beam and stop charged particles over several turns to provide protection to the PS hardware against beam-induced damage. The performance of the dump should ensure efficient use throughout the PS energy range, i.e. from injection at 2 GeV (kinetic energy) to flat top at 26 GeV (total energy). In this paper, detailed numerical simulations are presented, carried out with a combination of sophisticated beam dynamics and beam-matter interaction codes, assessing the behaviour of stopped or scattered particles. The results of these numerical simulations are compared with the data collected during the routine operation of the PS and its internal dump.
	Poster THBP36 [0.609 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP36
About •	Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

High Intensity Beam Dynamics Challenges for HL-LHC

344

N. Mounet, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, R. Bruce, X. Buffat, R. Calaga, R. De Maria, C.N. Droin, L. Giacomel, M. Giovannozzi, G. Iadarola, S. Kostoglou, B. Lindström, L. Mether, E. Métral, Y. Papaphilippou, K. Paraschou, S. Redaelli, G. Rumolo, B. Salvant, G. Sterbini, R. Tomás García
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The High Luminosity (HL-LHC) project aims to increase the integrated luminosity of CERN’s Large Hadron Collider (LHC) by an order of magnitude compared to its initial design. This requires a large increase in bunch intensity and beam brightness compared to the first LHC runs, and hence poses serious collective-effects challenges, related in particular to electron cloud, instabilities from beam-coupling impedance, and beam-beam effects. Here we present the associated constraints and the proposed mitigation measures to achieve the baseline performance of the upgraded LHC machine. We also discuss the interplay of these mitigation measures with other aspects of the accelerator, such as the physical and dynamic aperture, machine protection, magnet imperfections, optics, and the collimation system.

Slides THA1C1 [3.385 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THA1C1

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 10 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 12 October 2023 — Issued ※ 15 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THC2C1

Shower Simulations for the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump and Comparison with Beam Loss Monitor Data

389

S. Niang, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, T. Pugnat
CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
D. Domange
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium

During the Long Shutdown 2 (LS2), two new internal dumps (TDIs) were installed and successfully put into operation in the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) to withstand the intense and bright beams produced for the High Luminosity LHC. TDIs serve as safety devices designed to rapidly enter the beam trajectory and stop the beam over multiple turns. Due to their design, the TDI only absorbs a fraction of the secondary particle shower produced by beam particles that impinge on it. Starting from impacts computed by multi-turn beam dynamics simulations, detailed shower simulations were performed with FLUKA to assess the radiation field’s impact on the downstream equipment, with a particular emphasis on the dose measured by Beam Loss Monitors. The numerical data obtained from the simulations are compared with the experimental data collected during PS operation.

Slides THC2C1 [2.092 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THC2C1

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 09 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 29 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THAFP09

Optimizing Beam Dynamics in LHC with Active Deep Learning

422

D. Di Croce, T. Pieloni, M. Seidel
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Giovannozzi, F.F. Van der Veken
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
E. Krymova
SDSC, Lausanne, Switzerland
M. Seidel
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland

The Dynamic Aperture (DA) is an important concept for the study of non-linear beam dynamics in a circular accelerator. It refers to the region in phase space where a particle’s motion remains bounded over a given number of turns. Understanding the features of DA is crucial for operating circular accelerators as it provides insights on non-linear beam dynamics and the phenomena affecting beam lifetime. The standard approach to calculate the DA is computationally very intensive. In our study, we aim at determining an optimal set of parameters that affect DA, like betatron tune, chromaticity, and Landau octupole strengths, using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model. The DNN model predicts the so-called angular DA, based on simulated LHC data. To enhance its performance, we integrated the DNN model into an innovative Active Learning (AL) framework. This framework not only enables retraining and updating of the model, but also facilitates efficient data generation through smart sampling. The results demonstrate that the use of the Active Learning (AL) framework allows faster scanning of LHC ring configuration parameters without compromising the accuracy of the DA calculations.

Slides THAFP09 [1.028 MB]

Poster THAFP09 [6.173 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THAFP09

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 04 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 31 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP18

Revised Collimation Configuration for the Updated FCC-hh Layout

495

A. Abramov, R. Bruce, M. Giovannozzi, G. Pérez Segurana, S. Redaelli, T. Risselada
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland

The collimation system for the hadron Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) must handle proton beams with an unprecedented nominal beam energy and stored beam energy in excess of 8 GJ, and protect the superconducting magnets and other sensitive equipment while ensuring a high operational efficiency. The recent development of the 16-dipole lattice baseline for the FCC-hh, and the associated layout changes, has necessitated an adaptation of the collimation system. A revised configuration of the collimation system is presented, considering novel high-beta optics in the betatron collimation insertion. Performance is evaluated through loss map studies, with a focus on losses in critical areas, including collimation insertions and experimental interaction regions.

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP18

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 06 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 19 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP35

Analysis Tools for Numerical Simulations of Dynamic Aperture with Xsuite

551

T. Pugnat, M. Giovannozzi, F.F. Van der Veken
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Di Croce
EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Recently, several efforts have been made at CERN to develop a new tracking tool, Xsuite, which is intended to be the successor to SixTrack. In this framework, analysis tools have also been prepared with the goal of providing advanced post-processing techniques for the interpretation of dynamic aperture simulations. The proposed software suite, named Xdyna, is meant to be a successor to the existing SixDesk environment. It incorporates all recent approaches developed to determine the dynamic aperture for a fixed number of turns. It also enables studying the time evolution of the dynamic aperture and the fitting of rigorous models based on the stability-time estimate provided by the Nekhoroshev theorem. These models make it possible to link the dynamic aperture to beam lifetime, and thus provide very relevant information for the actual performance of particle colliders. These tools have been applied to studies related to the luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), the results of which are presented here.

Poster THBP35 [0.514 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP35

About •

Received ※ 28 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 11 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

THBP36

Study of the Performance of the CERN Proton Synchrotron Internal Dump

555

T. Pugnat, L.S. Esposito, M. Giovannozzi, C. Hernalsteens, A. Huschauer, S. Niang
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
D. Domange, E. Gnacadja, R. Tesse
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium

In the framework of the LHC Injector Upgrade project, a new internal dump for the CERN Proton Synchrotron (PS) has been designed, installed, and successfully commissioned. This device is meant to move rapidly into the beam and stop charged particles over several turns to provide protection to the PS hardware against beam-induced damage. The performance of the dump should ensure efficient use throughout the PS energy range, i.e. from injection at 2 GeV (kinetic energy) to flat top at 26 GeV (total energy). In this paper, detailed numerical simulations are presented, carried out with a combination of sophisticated beam dynamics and beam-matter interaction codes, assessing the behaviour of stopped or scattered particles. The results of these numerical simulations are compared with the data collected during the routine operation of the PS and its internal dump.

Poster THBP36 [0.609 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-THBP36

About •

Received ※ 26 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 28 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)