HB2023 - Table of Session: MOA1I (Plenary Presentations WGs A-E)

Paper	Title	Page
MOA1I1	Beam Performance with the LHC Injectors Upgrade	1
	G. Rumolo, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, C. Antuono, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, M.J. Barnes, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, N. Bruchon, E. Carlier, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, G. Iadarola, V. Kain, I. Karpov, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, E.H. Maclean, D. Manglunki, I. Mases Solé, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, E. Montesinos, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, C. Pasquino, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, F. Roncarolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, L. Sito, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, R. Steerenberg, M. Sullivan, F.M. Velotti, R. Veness, C. Vollinger, R. Wegner, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland T. Prebibaj IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
	The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project was put in place between 2010 and 2021 to increase the intensity and brightness in the LHC injectors to match the challenging requirements of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, while ensuring reliable operation of the injectors complex up to the end of the HL-LHC era (ca. 2040). During the 2019-2020 CERN accelerators shutdown, extensive hardware modifications were implemented in the entire LHC proton and ion injection chains, involving the new Linac4, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the ion PS injectors, i.e. the Linac3 and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR). Since 2021, beams have been recommissioned throughout the injectors’ chain and the beam parameters are being gradually ramped up to meet the LIU specifications using new beam dynamics solutions adapted to the upgraded accelerators. This paper focuses on the proton beams and describes the current state of the art.
	Slides MOA1I1 [10.002 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I1
About •	Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOA1I2	FRIB from Commissioning to Operation	9
	P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
	Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University. The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator.
	Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2
About •	Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOA1I3	Intense Beam Issues in CSNS Accelerator Beam Commissioning	16
	L. Huang, H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu, X.B. Luo, J. Peng, L. Rao IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wangpresenter IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China S.Y. Xu DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
	The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H⁻ Linac, a 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), beam transport lines, a target station, and three spectrometers. The CSNS design beam power is 100 kW, with the capability to upgrade to 500 kW. In August 2018, CSNS was officially opened to domestic and international users. By February 2020, the beam power had reached 100 kW, and through improvements such as adding harmonic cavities, the beam power was increased to 140 kW. During the beam commissioning process, the beam loss caused by space charge effects was the most significant factor limiting the increase in beam power. Additionally, unexpected collective effects were observed, including coherent oscillations of the bunches, after the beam power reached 50 kW. Through a series of measures, the space charge effects and collective instabilities causing beam loss were effectively controlled. This paper mainly introduces the strong beam effects discovered during the beam commissioning at CSNS and their suppression methods. It also briefly discusses the research on beam space charge effects and collective effects in the beam dynamics design of CSNS-II project.
	Slides MOA1I3 [8.597 MB]
DOI •	reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I3
About •	Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023
Cite •	reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

Paper

Title

Page

Beam Performance with the LHC Injectors Upgrade

1

G. Rumolo, S.C.P. Albright, R. Alemany-Fernández, M.E. Angoletta, C. Antuono, T. Argyropoulos, F. Asvesta, M.J. Barnes, H. Bartosik, P. Baudrenghien, G. Bellodi, N. Biancacci, C. Bracco, N. Bruchon, E. Carlier, J. Coupard, H. Damerau, G.P. Di Giovanni, A. Findlay, M.A. Fraser, A. Funken, R. Garoby, S.S. Gilardoni, B. Goddard, G. Hagmann, K. Hanke, A. Huschauer, G. Iadarola, V. Kain, I. Karpov, J.-B. Lallement, A. Lasheen, T.E. Levens, K.S.B. Li, A.M. Lombardi, E.H. Maclean, D. Manglunki, I. Mases Solé, M. Meddahi, L. Mether, B. Mikulec, E. Montesinos, Y. Papaphilippou, G. Papotti, K. Paraschou, C. Pasquino, F. Pedrosa, T. Prebibaj, S. Prodon, D. Quartullo, F. Roncarolo, B. Salvant, M. Schenk, R. Scrivens, E.N. Shaposhnikova, L. Sito, P.K. Skowroński, A. Spierer, R. Steerenberg, M. Sullivan, F.M. Velotti, R. Veness, C. Vollinger, R. Wegner, C. Zannini, E. de la Fuente
CERN, Meyrin, Switzerland
T. Prebibaj
IAP, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The LHC Injectors Upgrade (LIU) project was put in place between 2010 and 2021 to increase the intensity and brightness in the LHC injectors to match the challenging requirements of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project, while ensuring reliable operation of the injectors complex up to the end of the HL-LHC era (ca. 2040). During the 2019-2020 CERN accelerators shutdown, extensive hardware modifications were implemented in the entire LHC proton and ion injection chains, involving the new Linac4, the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB), the Proton Synchrotron (PS), the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) and the ion PS injectors, i.e. the Linac3 and the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR). Since 2021, beams have been recommissioned throughout the injectors’ chain and the beam parameters are being gradually ramped up to meet the LIU specifications using new beam dynamics solutions adapted to the upgraded accelerators. This paper focuses on the proton beams and describes the current state of the art.

Slides MOA1I1 [10.002 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I1

About •

Received ※ 29 September 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 09 October 2023 — Issued ※ 18 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOA1I2

FRIB from Commissioning to Operation

9

P.N. Ostroumov, K. Fukushima, A.J. Gonzalez, K. Hwang, T. Kanemura, T. Maruta, A.S. Plastun, J. Wei, T. Zhang, Q. Zhao
FRIB, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science under Cooperative Agreement DE-SC0000661, the State of Michigan, and Michigan State University.
The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) was fully commissioned in early 2022, and the operation for physics experiments started shortly thereafter. Various ion beam species have been accelerated up to 240 MeV/u and delivered to the target. During the first year of user operations, the FRIB provided 4252 beam hours with 91% availability for nuclear science. In addition, FRIB delivered about 1000 hours of various ion beam species at beam energies up to 40 MeV/u for single-event experiments. Typically, the experiments with a specific species rare isotope beam last a week or two. Each experiment requires a different primary beam species with specific energies. The primary beam power has been gradually increased from 1 kW to 10 kW over the past 1.5 years. The Accelerator Physics (AP) group develops high-level physics applications to minimize machine set-up time. Focuses include identifying beam halo sources, controlling emittances of multiple-charge-state beams, and studying the beam loss mechanisms to prepare for the ultimate 400 kW operation. This paper discusses the experience and challenges of operating a high-power CW heavy ion accelerator.

Slides MOA1I2 [6.556 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I2

About •

Received ※ 22 September 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 17 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)

MOA1I3

Intense Beam Issues in CSNS Accelerator Beam Commissioning

16

L. Huang, H.Y. Liu, X.H. Lu, X.B. Luo, J. Peng, L. Rao
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
Y.W. An, J. Chen, M.Y. Huang, Y. Li, Z.P. Li, S. Wangpresenter
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
S.Y. Xu
DNSC, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China

The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) consists of an 80 MeV H⁻ Linac, a 1.6 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS), beam transport lines, a target station, and three spectrometers. The CSNS design beam power is 100 kW, with the capability to upgrade to 500 kW. In August 2018, CSNS was officially opened to domestic and international users. By February 2020, the beam power had reached 100 kW, and through improvements such as adding harmonic cavities, the beam power was increased to 140 kW. During the beam commissioning process, the beam loss caused by space charge effects was the most significant factor limiting the increase in beam power. Additionally, unexpected collective effects were observed, including coherent oscillations of the bunches, after the beam power reached 50 kW. Through a series of measures, the space charge effects and collective instabilities causing beam loss were effectively controlled. This paper mainly introduces the strong beam effects discovered during the beam commissioning at CSNS and their suppression methods. It also briefly discusses the research on beam space charge effects and collective effects in the beam dynamics design of CSNS-II project.

Slides MOA1I3 [8.597 MB]

DOI •

reference for this paper ※ doi:10.18429/JACoW-HB2023-MOA1I3

About •

Received ※ 01 October 2023 — Revised ※ 05 October 2023 — Accepted ※ 10 October 2023 — Issued ※ 24 October 2023

Cite •

reference for this paper using ※ BibTeX, ※ LaTeX, ※ Text/Word, ※ RIS, ※ EndNote (xml)